NBHWC EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 250 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |AGRADE
blood pressure - ANSWER: the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls
of blood vessels
systolic blood pressure - ANSWER: the pressure created when the heart contracts
and forces blood out into the arteries
diastolic pressure - ANSWER: Blood pressure that remains between heart
contractions.
The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection,
Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (2003 Guideline) - ANSWER:
Normal systolic: less than 120 mm Hg
diastolic: less than 80 mm Hg
At Risk (prehypertension) systolic: 120-139 mm Hg
diastolic: 80-89 mm Hg
High Blood Pressure (hypertension) systolic: 140 mm Hg or higher
diastolic: 90 mm Hg or higher
The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline for the
Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults
(2017 Guideline)1 - ANSWER: Normal systolic: less than 120 mm Hg
diastolic: less than 80 mm Hg
Elevated systolic: 120-129 mm Hg
diastolic: less than 80 mm Hg
High blood pressure (hypertension) systolic: 130 mm Hg or higher
diastolic: 80 mm Hg or higher
What are the signs and symptoms of high blood pressure? - ANSWER: High blood
pressure usually has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people do not know
they have it. Measuring your blood pressure is the only way to know whether you
have high blood pressure
What causes high blood pressure? - ANSWER: High blood pressure usually develops
over time. It can happen because of unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as not getting
enough regular physical activity. Certain health conditions, such as diabetes and
having obesity, can also increase the risk for developing high blood pressure. High
blood pressure can also happen during pregnancy.
,What problems does high blood pressure cause? - ANSWER: High blood pressure can
damage your health in many ways. It can seriously hurt important organs like your
heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes.
Heart Attack and Heart Disease - ANSWER: High blood pressure can damage your
arteries by making them less elastic, which decreases the flow of blood and oxygen
to your heart and leads to heart disease. In addition, decreased blood flow to the
heart can cause:
Chest pain, also called angina.
Heart attack, which happens when the blood supply to your heart is blocked and
heart muscle begins to die without enough oxygen. The longer the blood flow is
blocked, the greater the damage to the heart.
Heart failure, a condition that means your heart can't pump enough blood and
oxygen to your other organs.
Stroke and Brain Problems re: HTN - ANSWER: High blood pressure can cause the
arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the brain to burst or be blocked, causing a
stroke. Brain cells die during a stroke because they do not get enough oxygen. Stroke
can cause serious disabilities in speech, movement, and other basic activities. A
stroke can also kill you.
Having high blood pressure, especially in midlife, is linked to having poorer cognitive
function and dementia later in life. Learn more about the link between high blood
pressure and dementia from the National Institutes of Health's Mind Your
Risks®external icon campaign.
Kidney Disease Increased Risk - ANSWER: Adults with diabetes, high blood pressure,
or both have a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease than those without
these conditions.
Prevent or manage high blood pressure? - ANSWER: Many people with high blood
pressure can lower their blood pressure into a healthy range or keep their numbers
in a healthy range by making lifestyle changes.
-Getting at least 150 minutes of physical activity each week (about 30 minutes a day,
5 days a week)
-Not smoking
-Eating a healthy diet, including limiting sodium (salt) and alcohol
-Keeping a healthy weight
-Managing stress
What affects a blood pressure reading? - ANSWER: Nervousness about having your
blood pressure taken. T As many as 1 in 3 people who have a high blood pressure
reading at the doctor's office may have normal blood pressure readings outside of
it.1
--What you ate, drank, or did before your reading. If you smoked, drank alcohol or
caffeine, or exercised within 30 minutes of having your blood pressure measured,
your reading might be higher.
, --How you are sitting. Crossing your legs and letting your arm droop at your side
rather than rest on a table at chest height can make your blood pressure go up
Unhealthy Diet in regards to HTN - ANSWER: A diet that is too high in sodium and
too low in potassium puts you at risk for high blood pressure.
Eating too much sodium—an element in table salt—increases blood pressure. Most
of the sodium we eat comes from processed and restaurant foods.
Not eating enough potassium—a mineral that your body needs to work properly—
also can increase blood pressure. Potassium is found in many foods; bananas,
potatoes, beans, and yogurt have high levels of potassium.
Risks for HTN - ANSWER: Elevated BP
Diabetes
Unhealthy Diet
Physical Inactivity
Obesity
Too much alcohol (women 1 drink/day, men 2 drinks/day)
Tobacco use
genetics/age
race: black people > risk
What is Diabetes? - ANSWER: Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) health condition
that affects how your body turns food into energy.
Most of the food you eat is broken down into sugar (also called glucose) and
released into your bloodstream. When your blood sugar goes up, it signals your
pancreas to release insulin. Insulin acts like a key to let the blood sugar into your
body's cells for use as energy.
If you have diabetes, your body either doesn't make enough insulin or can't use the
insulin it makes as well as it should. When there isn't enough insulin or cells stop
responding to insulin, too much blood sugar stays in your bloodstream. Over time,
that can cause serious health problems, such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney
disease.
Types of Diabetes - ANSWER: Type I
Type 2
Gestational
Type 1 Diabetes - ANSWER: Type 1 diabetes is thought to be caused by an
autoimmune reaction (the body attacks itself by mistake) that stops your body from
making insulin. Approximately 5-10% of the people who have diabetes have type 1.
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes often develop quickly. It's usually diagnosed in
children, teens, and young adults. If you have type 1 diabetes, you'll need to take
insulin every day to survive. Currently, no one knows how to prevent type 1 diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes - ANSWER: With type 2 diabetes, your body doesn't use insulin well
and can't keep blood sugar at normal levels. About 90-95% of people with diabetes
have type 2. It develops over many years and is usually diagnosed in adults (but
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |AGRADE
blood pressure - ANSWER: the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls
of blood vessels
systolic blood pressure - ANSWER: the pressure created when the heart contracts
and forces blood out into the arteries
diastolic pressure - ANSWER: Blood pressure that remains between heart
contractions.
The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection,
Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (2003 Guideline) - ANSWER:
Normal systolic: less than 120 mm Hg
diastolic: less than 80 mm Hg
At Risk (prehypertension) systolic: 120-139 mm Hg
diastolic: 80-89 mm Hg
High Blood Pressure (hypertension) systolic: 140 mm Hg or higher
diastolic: 90 mm Hg or higher
The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline for the
Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults
(2017 Guideline)1 - ANSWER: Normal systolic: less than 120 mm Hg
diastolic: less than 80 mm Hg
Elevated systolic: 120-129 mm Hg
diastolic: less than 80 mm Hg
High blood pressure (hypertension) systolic: 130 mm Hg or higher
diastolic: 80 mm Hg or higher
What are the signs and symptoms of high blood pressure? - ANSWER: High blood
pressure usually has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people do not know
they have it. Measuring your blood pressure is the only way to know whether you
have high blood pressure
What causes high blood pressure? - ANSWER: High blood pressure usually develops
over time. It can happen because of unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as not getting
enough regular physical activity. Certain health conditions, such as diabetes and
having obesity, can also increase the risk for developing high blood pressure. High
blood pressure can also happen during pregnancy.
,What problems does high blood pressure cause? - ANSWER: High blood pressure can
damage your health in many ways. It can seriously hurt important organs like your
heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes.
Heart Attack and Heart Disease - ANSWER: High blood pressure can damage your
arteries by making them less elastic, which decreases the flow of blood and oxygen
to your heart and leads to heart disease. In addition, decreased blood flow to the
heart can cause:
Chest pain, also called angina.
Heart attack, which happens when the blood supply to your heart is blocked and
heart muscle begins to die without enough oxygen. The longer the blood flow is
blocked, the greater the damage to the heart.
Heart failure, a condition that means your heart can't pump enough blood and
oxygen to your other organs.
Stroke and Brain Problems re: HTN - ANSWER: High blood pressure can cause the
arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the brain to burst or be blocked, causing a
stroke. Brain cells die during a stroke because they do not get enough oxygen. Stroke
can cause serious disabilities in speech, movement, and other basic activities. A
stroke can also kill you.
Having high blood pressure, especially in midlife, is linked to having poorer cognitive
function and dementia later in life. Learn more about the link between high blood
pressure and dementia from the National Institutes of Health's Mind Your
Risks®external icon campaign.
Kidney Disease Increased Risk - ANSWER: Adults with diabetes, high blood pressure,
or both have a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease than those without
these conditions.
Prevent or manage high blood pressure? - ANSWER: Many people with high blood
pressure can lower their blood pressure into a healthy range or keep their numbers
in a healthy range by making lifestyle changes.
-Getting at least 150 minutes of physical activity each week (about 30 minutes a day,
5 days a week)
-Not smoking
-Eating a healthy diet, including limiting sodium (salt) and alcohol
-Keeping a healthy weight
-Managing stress
What affects a blood pressure reading? - ANSWER: Nervousness about having your
blood pressure taken. T As many as 1 in 3 people who have a high blood pressure
reading at the doctor's office may have normal blood pressure readings outside of
it.1
--What you ate, drank, or did before your reading. If you smoked, drank alcohol or
caffeine, or exercised within 30 minutes of having your blood pressure measured,
your reading might be higher.
, --How you are sitting. Crossing your legs and letting your arm droop at your side
rather than rest on a table at chest height can make your blood pressure go up
Unhealthy Diet in regards to HTN - ANSWER: A diet that is too high in sodium and
too low in potassium puts you at risk for high blood pressure.
Eating too much sodium—an element in table salt—increases blood pressure. Most
of the sodium we eat comes from processed and restaurant foods.
Not eating enough potassium—a mineral that your body needs to work properly—
also can increase blood pressure. Potassium is found in many foods; bananas,
potatoes, beans, and yogurt have high levels of potassium.
Risks for HTN - ANSWER: Elevated BP
Diabetes
Unhealthy Diet
Physical Inactivity
Obesity
Too much alcohol (women 1 drink/day, men 2 drinks/day)
Tobacco use
genetics/age
race: black people > risk
What is Diabetes? - ANSWER: Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) health condition
that affects how your body turns food into energy.
Most of the food you eat is broken down into sugar (also called glucose) and
released into your bloodstream. When your blood sugar goes up, it signals your
pancreas to release insulin. Insulin acts like a key to let the blood sugar into your
body's cells for use as energy.
If you have diabetes, your body either doesn't make enough insulin or can't use the
insulin it makes as well as it should. When there isn't enough insulin or cells stop
responding to insulin, too much blood sugar stays in your bloodstream. Over time,
that can cause serious health problems, such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney
disease.
Types of Diabetes - ANSWER: Type I
Type 2
Gestational
Type 1 Diabetes - ANSWER: Type 1 diabetes is thought to be caused by an
autoimmune reaction (the body attacks itself by mistake) that stops your body from
making insulin. Approximately 5-10% of the people who have diabetes have type 1.
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes often develop quickly. It's usually diagnosed in
children, teens, and young adults. If you have type 1 diabetes, you'll need to take
insulin every day to survive. Currently, no one knows how to prevent type 1 diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes - ANSWER: With type 2 diabetes, your body doesn't use insulin well
and can't keep blood sugar at normal levels. About 90-95% of people with diabetes
have type 2. It develops over many years and is usually diagnosed in adults (but
