NBCE EXAM PART 3 EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE 300
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS AND
RATIONALES (100% CORRECT) /A+ GRADE ASSURED
acid phosphatase (PAP) - ANSWER: An important biomarker enzyme found in high
concentration in semen that indicates cancer.
-increased= prostatic carcinoma
Albumin/Globulin Ratio - ANSWER: 8 to 1 = normal
-reversed =Multiple myeloma
Alkaline phosphatase - ANSWER: present in liver, bone and placenta, this enzyme
increases with hepatocellular and obstructive disease or bile duct obstruction, bone
abnormalities and deficiencies, heart failure and pregnancy.
Marked increases with liver problems (cirrhosis or hepatitis) or bone abnormalities
(fracture, osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, cancers).
Amylase - ANSWER: Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches
increased levels=acute pancreatitis
ANA (FANA) - ANSWER: Collagen disease (SLE, Scleroderma) antinuclear antibody
testing for autoimmune diseases
Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer - ANSWER: streptococcal antibody test. elevated or
increasing titers indicate a recent or prolonged infections of Group A betahemolytic
streptococcus
-increased= Rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis.
Increased bilirubin level - ANSWER: Direct: Hepatitis or duct obstruction.
Indirect: Hemolytic disease.
Increased BUN level - ANSWER: Renal disease, dehydration, Hypotension, urinary
tract obstruction.
Decreased BUN levels - ANSWER: Hepatic disease or pregnancy.
Increased calcium levels - ANSWER: muscle weakness, hyperparathyroidism,
hypervitaminosis D, or metastatic disease.
decreased calcium levels - ANSWER: Muscle tetany, Chvostch's sign(twitching of
facial muscles when tapped), renal failure, malnutrition.
Creatinine - ANSWER: nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
increased level= kidney disease or hypovolemic shock
, decreased level= Muscular dystrophies.
CK-BB (CK-1) - ANSWER: enzyme of brain origin, found in blood if blood-brain barrier
has been breached.
CK-MM - ANSWER: Enzyme of skeletal muscle origin, found in blood when there is
muscle necrosis/damage
CK-MB - ANSWER: enzyme is found in cardiac muscle and reflects tissue breakdown
resulting from cell trauma. Increase indicates heart damage & death of cardiac
tissue.
C-reactive protein - ANSWER: A nonspecific protein, produced in the liver, that
becomes elevated during episodes of acute inflammation or infection.
seen in RA and necrosis of tissue
ELISA - ANSWER: screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream
Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) - ANSWER: When plasma protein
levels in the plasma are elevated RBCs aggegrate and precipitate rapidly. blood will
settle in a test tube faster when RBC are coated with enzyme markers.
indicating: infection, TB, RA, temporal arteritis, MM, most anemias, end stage renal
disease and pregnancy.
Decreased Erythrocyte sedimentation rate - ANSWER: indicating: sickle cell anemia,
polycythemia, heart failure, microcytosis, decreased fibrinogen.
Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS) - ANSWER: presents
with syphilis
increased glucose levels - ANSWER: -related to decreased insulin sensitivity of tissues
indicates: DM, Cushing's, Renal /Liver disease
Decreased glucose levels - ANSWER: indicates insulin overdose, addison's, or
starvation.
Glucose decreased in CSF - ANSWER: indicates meningitis acute pyogenic infection.
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) - ANSWER: blood test to detect increased
enzymes that can indicate cirrhosis, hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis,
or nephrosis, and to test for Helicobacter pylori antibodies.
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS AND
RATIONALES (100% CORRECT) /A+ GRADE ASSURED
acid phosphatase (PAP) - ANSWER: An important biomarker enzyme found in high
concentration in semen that indicates cancer.
-increased= prostatic carcinoma
Albumin/Globulin Ratio - ANSWER: 8 to 1 = normal
-reversed =Multiple myeloma
Alkaline phosphatase - ANSWER: present in liver, bone and placenta, this enzyme
increases with hepatocellular and obstructive disease or bile duct obstruction, bone
abnormalities and deficiencies, heart failure and pregnancy.
Marked increases with liver problems (cirrhosis or hepatitis) or bone abnormalities
(fracture, osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, cancers).
Amylase - ANSWER: Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches
increased levels=acute pancreatitis
ANA (FANA) - ANSWER: Collagen disease (SLE, Scleroderma) antinuclear antibody
testing for autoimmune diseases
Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer - ANSWER: streptococcal antibody test. elevated or
increasing titers indicate a recent or prolonged infections of Group A betahemolytic
streptococcus
-increased= Rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis.
Increased bilirubin level - ANSWER: Direct: Hepatitis or duct obstruction.
Indirect: Hemolytic disease.
Increased BUN level - ANSWER: Renal disease, dehydration, Hypotension, urinary
tract obstruction.
Decreased BUN levels - ANSWER: Hepatic disease or pregnancy.
Increased calcium levels - ANSWER: muscle weakness, hyperparathyroidism,
hypervitaminosis D, or metastatic disease.
decreased calcium levels - ANSWER: Muscle tetany, Chvostch's sign(twitching of
facial muscles when tapped), renal failure, malnutrition.
Creatinine - ANSWER: nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
increased level= kidney disease or hypovolemic shock
, decreased level= Muscular dystrophies.
CK-BB (CK-1) - ANSWER: enzyme of brain origin, found in blood if blood-brain barrier
has been breached.
CK-MM - ANSWER: Enzyme of skeletal muscle origin, found in blood when there is
muscle necrosis/damage
CK-MB - ANSWER: enzyme is found in cardiac muscle and reflects tissue breakdown
resulting from cell trauma. Increase indicates heart damage & death of cardiac
tissue.
C-reactive protein - ANSWER: A nonspecific protein, produced in the liver, that
becomes elevated during episodes of acute inflammation or infection.
seen in RA and necrosis of tissue
ELISA - ANSWER: screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream
Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) - ANSWER: When plasma protein
levels in the plasma are elevated RBCs aggegrate and precipitate rapidly. blood will
settle in a test tube faster when RBC are coated with enzyme markers.
indicating: infection, TB, RA, temporal arteritis, MM, most anemias, end stage renal
disease and pregnancy.
Decreased Erythrocyte sedimentation rate - ANSWER: indicating: sickle cell anemia,
polycythemia, heart failure, microcytosis, decreased fibrinogen.
Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS) - ANSWER: presents
with syphilis
increased glucose levels - ANSWER: -related to decreased insulin sensitivity of tissues
indicates: DM, Cushing's, Renal /Liver disease
Decreased glucose levels - ANSWER: indicates insulin overdose, addison's, or
starvation.
Glucose decreased in CSF - ANSWER: indicates meningitis acute pyogenic infection.
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) - ANSWER: blood test to detect increased
enzymes that can indicate cirrhosis, hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis,
or nephrosis, and to test for Helicobacter pylori antibodies.
