HONDROS BIO 254 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT) /ALREADY
GRADED A+
The Endocrine system is a major controlling system in the body that works ________
than that of the Nervous System. - ANSWER: Slower
Other major body system that acts to maintain homeostasis. - ANSWER: Nervous
System
The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called? - ANSWER: Hormones
The nervous system uses _________ to communicate. - ANSWER: nerve impulses
What system transports hormones throughout the body? - ANSWER: circulatory
system
All cells do not respond to endocrine system stimulation. Only those that have the
proper _________ on their cell membranes or within their nucleus are activated by
the hormone. - ANSWER: Receptors
The responsive cells of various endocrine hormones are called? - ANSWER: Target
cells
Most hormones are what kind of molecule? - ANSWER: Protein or Peptide
There are a few hormones made out of what type of molecule? - ANSWER: fat
soluble
Non-steroid hormones must activate a ________ to work within the cell as they are
not able to cross the cell membrane. - ANSWER: Second messenger
Steroid hormones cause changes to _______ because their target is within the
nucleus. - ANSWER: DNA expression
The secretion of most hormones is regulated by what kind of system, causing
increasing levels of hormones to "turn off" its stimulus? - ANSWER: negative
feedback
The master endocrine gland because it regulates so many other endocrine glands? -
ANSWER: Anterior Pituitary
Anterior Pituitary is controlled by releasing hormones secreted by the what? -
ANSWER: Hypothalamus
,Hormone necessary if glucose is to be taken up by
cells. - ANSWER: Insulin
Hormone that regulates blood calcium level,
released when levels drop. - ANSWER: PTH (parathyroid hormone)
Mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium
reabsorption by the kidney. - ANSWER: Aldosterone
Necessary for milk production after child birth. - ANSWER: Prolactin
Hormone(s) that regulates Basal metabolic rate. - ANSWER: Thyroid Hormone (T3,
T4)
Stimulates body cell division and increases length
of bones - ANSWER: growth hormone
Two hormones released by the adrenal medulla. - ANSWER: epinephrine and
norepinephrine
Element essential for proper production of thyroid
hormones (T3/T4) - ANSWER: Iodine
Pituitary hormone that regulates water
reabsorption by the kidney. - ANSWER: antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Hormone that increases the breakdown of
glycogen by the liver. - ANSWER: Glucagon
Hormone that causes contraction of the uterine
wall muscles. - ANSWER: Oxytocin
Glucocorticoid released during prolonged stress
response. - ANSWER: Cortisol
Hormone that acts on the ovary to stimulate the
production of estrogen. - ANSWER: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Hormone that acts on osteoblasts to lower blood
calcium levels. - ANSWER: Calcitonin
Hormone that stimulates the ovary to release the
egg. - ANSWER: luteinizing hormone (LH)
Hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland - ANSWER: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH)
, hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete larger amounts of hormones -
ANSWER: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Known as the male sex hormone - ANSWER: Testosterone
Hormone that stimulates vascularization of the
endometrium - ANSWER: Progesterone
Known as the female sex hormone - ANSWER: Estrogen
The "first line of defense" in innate immunity - ANSWER: skin and mucosa
Histamine, kinins, and interleukins are examples of - ANSWER: Inflammation
mediators
A type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against
anything recognized as non-self - ANSWER: innate immunity
Chemicals released from cells to trigger or regulate innate and adaptive response -
ANSWER: Cytokines
The ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or foreign cells but spare our
own normal cells - ANSWER: self-tolerance
The most numerous type of phagocyte - ANSWER: Neutophils
What do we call a phagocytic monocyte that migrates out of the bloodstream? -
ANSWER: Macrophages
Antibodies are proteins of the family - ANSWER: immunoglobulins
The predominant class of antibody produced after initial contact with an antigen
(primary immune response) - ANSWER: immunoglobulin M
Generally lasts longer than passive immunity. - ANSWER: active immunity
Abnormal antigens or ______________________ _________________ are present in
the plasma membrane of some cancer cells in addition to self-antigens. - ANSWER:
tumor markers
Helper T cells and suppressor T cells help regulate
_______________________________ function by regulating B cell and T cell
function. - ANSWER: adaptive immune
A fetus receives protection from the mother through what immunity? - ANSWER:
naturally acquired passive immunity
EXAM COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT) /ALREADY
GRADED A+
The Endocrine system is a major controlling system in the body that works ________
than that of the Nervous System. - ANSWER: Slower
Other major body system that acts to maintain homeostasis. - ANSWER: Nervous
System
The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called? - ANSWER: Hormones
The nervous system uses _________ to communicate. - ANSWER: nerve impulses
What system transports hormones throughout the body? - ANSWER: circulatory
system
All cells do not respond to endocrine system stimulation. Only those that have the
proper _________ on their cell membranes or within their nucleus are activated by
the hormone. - ANSWER: Receptors
The responsive cells of various endocrine hormones are called? - ANSWER: Target
cells
Most hormones are what kind of molecule? - ANSWER: Protein or Peptide
There are a few hormones made out of what type of molecule? - ANSWER: fat
soluble
Non-steroid hormones must activate a ________ to work within the cell as they are
not able to cross the cell membrane. - ANSWER: Second messenger
Steroid hormones cause changes to _______ because their target is within the
nucleus. - ANSWER: DNA expression
The secretion of most hormones is regulated by what kind of system, causing
increasing levels of hormones to "turn off" its stimulus? - ANSWER: negative
feedback
The master endocrine gland because it regulates so many other endocrine glands? -
ANSWER: Anterior Pituitary
Anterior Pituitary is controlled by releasing hormones secreted by the what? -
ANSWER: Hypothalamus
,Hormone necessary if glucose is to be taken up by
cells. - ANSWER: Insulin
Hormone that regulates blood calcium level,
released when levels drop. - ANSWER: PTH (parathyroid hormone)
Mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium
reabsorption by the kidney. - ANSWER: Aldosterone
Necessary for milk production after child birth. - ANSWER: Prolactin
Hormone(s) that regulates Basal metabolic rate. - ANSWER: Thyroid Hormone (T3,
T4)
Stimulates body cell division and increases length
of bones - ANSWER: growth hormone
Two hormones released by the adrenal medulla. - ANSWER: epinephrine and
norepinephrine
Element essential for proper production of thyroid
hormones (T3/T4) - ANSWER: Iodine
Pituitary hormone that regulates water
reabsorption by the kidney. - ANSWER: antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Hormone that increases the breakdown of
glycogen by the liver. - ANSWER: Glucagon
Hormone that causes contraction of the uterine
wall muscles. - ANSWER: Oxytocin
Glucocorticoid released during prolonged stress
response. - ANSWER: Cortisol
Hormone that acts on the ovary to stimulate the
production of estrogen. - ANSWER: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Hormone that acts on osteoblasts to lower blood
calcium levels. - ANSWER: Calcitonin
Hormone that stimulates the ovary to release the
egg. - ANSWER: luteinizing hormone (LH)
Hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland - ANSWER: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH)
, hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete larger amounts of hormones -
ANSWER: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Known as the male sex hormone - ANSWER: Testosterone
Hormone that stimulates vascularization of the
endometrium - ANSWER: Progesterone
Known as the female sex hormone - ANSWER: Estrogen
The "first line of defense" in innate immunity - ANSWER: skin and mucosa
Histamine, kinins, and interleukins are examples of - ANSWER: Inflammation
mediators
A type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against
anything recognized as non-self - ANSWER: innate immunity
Chemicals released from cells to trigger or regulate innate and adaptive response -
ANSWER: Cytokines
The ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or foreign cells but spare our
own normal cells - ANSWER: self-tolerance
The most numerous type of phagocyte - ANSWER: Neutophils
What do we call a phagocytic monocyte that migrates out of the bloodstream? -
ANSWER: Macrophages
Antibodies are proteins of the family - ANSWER: immunoglobulins
The predominant class of antibody produced after initial contact with an antigen
(primary immune response) - ANSWER: immunoglobulin M
Generally lasts longer than passive immunity. - ANSWER: active immunity
Abnormal antigens or ______________________ _________________ are present in
the plasma membrane of some cancer cells in addition to self-antigens. - ANSWER:
tumor markers
Helper T cells and suppressor T cells help regulate
_______________________________ function by regulating B cell and T cell
function. - ANSWER: adaptive immune
A fetus receives protection from the mother through what immunity? - ANSWER:
naturally acquired passive immunity
