WGU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY D236 EXAM
WITH Q & A
How does compartment syndrome develop? Which part of our body tends to develop
compartment syndrome? How do patients typically recognize they may need to seek
medical assistance for rhabdomyolysis? What is the most sensitive laboratory test for
rhabdomyolosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Compartment syndrome occurs when blood
flow is restricted to area for an extended period of time. It usually develops in
extremities. Patients recognize radon by new muscle pain and decreased urinary
output, and is detected by creatine kinase in the blood.
What is a pulmonary embolism? What is a fat embolism? When might a patient develop
a pulmonary embolism? When might a patient develop a fat embolism? How are they
treated? - CORRECT ANSWER Pulmonary embolism is when a blood clot is lodge in a
pulmonary artery, usually caused by a traveling clot getting lodged. A fat embolism is
when a clot of fat cells disrupts blood flow, usually after a bone fracture. PEs are treated
with anticoagulants to thin the blood, while there is no specific treatment for FEs.
Describe Albinism. What portions of the body are negatively affected by Albinism? -
CORRECT ANSWER It is an alteration in a gene that has decreased pigment to skin,
hair, and eyes.
Describe how retinal detachment leads to vision loss. - CORRECT ANSWER The areas
where the retina detaches lose their blood supply and stop working, causing you to lose
vision.
Name two biomarkers that can be used to confirm a myocardial infarction occurred and
what types of molecules are they? - CORRECT ANSWER troponin, creatine kinase
What is lymph - CORRECT ANSWER fluid that flows in lymphatic system to return fluid
from tissues into circulation
What are lymph nodes? - CORRECT ANSWER Filter interstitial fluid. Swollen glands
mean you are fighting an infection
What are Peyer's patches? - CORRECT ANSWER the numerous areas of lymphoid
tissue in the wall of the small intestine that are involved in the development of immunity
to antigens present there.
What is the difference between Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma? -
CORRECT ANSWER If the Reed-Sternberg cell is not present, the lymphoma is
classified as non-Hodgkin's.
, Emphysema (COPD) - CORRECT ANSWER Overdistention of alveoli resulting in the
ability to remove CO2 is called
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - CORRECT ANSWER disease with
enlarged lung spaces, usually from smoking can cause shortness of breath
What are the three types of jaundice that may present as a result of liver dysfunction?
Describe the cause of each. - CORRECT ANSWER pre-hepatic: excessive breakdown
of RBCs. hepatic: loss of ability of liver to regular bilirubin. post-hepatic: due to blockage
or obstruction
Describe the function(s) of the following parts of a nephron: glomerulus, Bowman's
capsule, juxtaglomerular apparatus, proximal tubule, Loop of Henle, distal tubule, and
collecting duct. - CORRECT ANSWER glomerulus filters blood. Bowman's capsule
filters blood from glomerulus capillaries. juxtaglomerular apparatus helps maintain
proper flow and blood pressure. proximal tubule reabsorbs filtrate. Loop of Henle
reabsorbs salt and water from urine. distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct both
reabsorb ions and water and promote homeostasis.
endocarditis vs pericarditis - CORRECT ANSWER endo- inflammation inside heart
causing valves to not fully close - usually due to infection - treatment: ax, valve repair;
peril- inflammation outside of heart causes heart to be compressed and not fully pump -
from too much fluid / blood surrounding heart from trauma or heart attack - treatment:
NSAIDs + steroids, pericardiocentesis.
both have same signs/symptoms: low oxygen and chest pain
Hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER fluid volume excess
s/s: muscle/chest pain, weakness, n/v, palpitations
Hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWER high sodium:
S (Skin flushed)
A (agitation)
L (low grade fever )
T (thirst)
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - CORRECT ANSWERT cells
produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - CORRECT ANSWER
Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - CORRECT ANSWER
Alterations of DNA
WITH Q & A
How does compartment syndrome develop? Which part of our body tends to develop
compartment syndrome? How do patients typically recognize they may need to seek
medical assistance for rhabdomyolysis? What is the most sensitive laboratory test for
rhabdomyolosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Compartment syndrome occurs when blood
flow is restricted to area for an extended period of time. It usually develops in
extremities. Patients recognize radon by new muscle pain and decreased urinary
output, and is detected by creatine kinase in the blood.
What is a pulmonary embolism? What is a fat embolism? When might a patient develop
a pulmonary embolism? When might a patient develop a fat embolism? How are they
treated? - CORRECT ANSWER Pulmonary embolism is when a blood clot is lodge in a
pulmonary artery, usually caused by a traveling clot getting lodged. A fat embolism is
when a clot of fat cells disrupts blood flow, usually after a bone fracture. PEs are treated
with anticoagulants to thin the blood, while there is no specific treatment for FEs.
Describe Albinism. What portions of the body are negatively affected by Albinism? -
CORRECT ANSWER It is an alteration in a gene that has decreased pigment to skin,
hair, and eyes.
Describe how retinal detachment leads to vision loss. - CORRECT ANSWER The areas
where the retina detaches lose their blood supply and stop working, causing you to lose
vision.
Name two biomarkers that can be used to confirm a myocardial infarction occurred and
what types of molecules are they? - CORRECT ANSWER troponin, creatine kinase
What is lymph - CORRECT ANSWER fluid that flows in lymphatic system to return fluid
from tissues into circulation
What are lymph nodes? - CORRECT ANSWER Filter interstitial fluid. Swollen glands
mean you are fighting an infection
What are Peyer's patches? - CORRECT ANSWER the numerous areas of lymphoid
tissue in the wall of the small intestine that are involved in the development of immunity
to antigens present there.
What is the difference between Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma? -
CORRECT ANSWER If the Reed-Sternberg cell is not present, the lymphoma is
classified as non-Hodgkin's.
, Emphysema (COPD) - CORRECT ANSWER Overdistention of alveoli resulting in the
ability to remove CO2 is called
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - CORRECT ANSWER disease with
enlarged lung spaces, usually from smoking can cause shortness of breath
What are the three types of jaundice that may present as a result of liver dysfunction?
Describe the cause of each. - CORRECT ANSWER pre-hepatic: excessive breakdown
of RBCs. hepatic: loss of ability of liver to regular bilirubin. post-hepatic: due to blockage
or obstruction
Describe the function(s) of the following parts of a nephron: glomerulus, Bowman's
capsule, juxtaglomerular apparatus, proximal tubule, Loop of Henle, distal tubule, and
collecting duct. - CORRECT ANSWER glomerulus filters blood. Bowman's capsule
filters blood from glomerulus capillaries. juxtaglomerular apparatus helps maintain
proper flow and blood pressure. proximal tubule reabsorbs filtrate. Loop of Henle
reabsorbs salt and water from urine. distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct both
reabsorb ions and water and promote homeostasis.
endocarditis vs pericarditis - CORRECT ANSWER endo- inflammation inside heart
causing valves to not fully close - usually due to infection - treatment: ax, valve repair;
peril- inflammation outside of heart causes heart to be compressed and not fully pump -
from too much fluid / blood surrounding heart from trauma or heart attack - treatment:
NSAIDs + steroids, pericardiocentesis.
both have same signs/symptoms: low oxygen and chest pain
Hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER fluid volume excess
s/s: muscle/chest pain, weakness, n/v, palpitations
Hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWER high sodium:
S (Skin flushed)
A (agitation)
L (low grade fever )
T (thirst)
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - CORRECT ANSWERT cells
produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - CORRECT ANSWER
Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - CORRECT ANSWER
Alterations of DNA
