WA AGIRCULTURAL AND RIGHT OF WAY PESTICIDE TEST EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
grasses
only one seed leaf, leaves narrow and upright, leaf veins parral to leaf margins, fine
branching roots, sedges have triangular shaped stems
broadleaf
two seed leaves, leaves broad with netlike veins, roots coarse, taproot, herbaceous or
woody
annual plants
>12 month life cycle, most common weeds in fields, control relies on stopping seed
production and exhausting seed bank
summer annuals
germinate in spring or summer, grow, flower set seed and die before winter
winter annual
germinate in late summer/early winter, overwinter in vegetative state, in spring flower,
seed, mature, and die, seeds lie dormant over summer months
biennial plants
complete life cycle in two growing years, first year plant forms rosettes with tap root,
second year plant flowers, matures, and dies
perennials
2+ years, most reproduce by seed and vegetatively, simple or creeping
, simple perennial
spread primarily by seed, often have taproot
creeping perennial
creeping roots, aboveground stems (stolons), or belowground roots (rhizomes), or by
seed
tillage
dislodges or cuts root system, controls small weeds, best in hot dry weather, repeat
every time new shoots emerge
mowing
reduces annual weed growth but not seed production, favors perennial weeds at
expense of annual weeds
flooding
denies oxygen to leaves and woods, flood with 6-8 in of water in summer, best in sandy
soil
fire
may require two burnings, one to dry and one to burn, will not kill seeds in soil but can
kill seeds buried in soil
mulching
emerging seedlings die, coverings must keep out all light
crop competition
select crops that are competitive for establishment and canopy closure and rapid
regrowth after harvest, ex alfalfa, est uniform crop stand quickly
crop rotation
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
grasses
only one seed leaf, leaves narrow and upright, leaf veins parral to leaf margins, fine
branching roots, sedges have triangular shaped stems
broadleaf
two seed leaves, leaves broad with netlike veins, roots coarse, taproot, herbaceous or
woody
annual plants
>12 month life cycle, most common weeds in fields, control relies on stopping seed
production and exhausting seed bank
summer annuals
germinate in spring or summer, grow, flower set seed and die before winter
winter annual
germinate in late summer/early winter, overwinter in vegetative state, in spring flower,
seed, mature, and die, seeds lie dormant over summer months
biennial plants
complete life cycle in two growing years, first year plant forms rosettes with tap root,
second year plant flowers, matures, and dies
perennials
2+ years, most reproduce by seed and vegetatively, simple or creeping
, simple perennial
spread primarily by seed, often have taproot
creeping perennial
creeping roots, aboveground stems (stolons), or belowground roots (rhizomes), or by
seed
tillage
dislodges or cuts root system, controls small weeds, best in hot dry weather, repeat
every time new shoots emerge
mowing
reduces annual weed growth but not seed production, favors perennial weeds at
expense of annual weeds
flooding
denies oxygen to leaves and woods, flood with 6-8 in of water in summer, best in sandy
soil
fire
may require two burnings, one to dry and one to burn, will not kill seeds in soil but can
kill seeds buried in soil
mulching
emerging seedlings die, coverings must keep out all light
crop competition
select crops that are competitive for establishment and canopy closure and rapid
regrowth after harvest, ex alfalfa, est uniform crop stand quickly
crop rotation
