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BSTA midterm Exam Study Guide
Solutions
t test use - ANSWER✔✔-compare 2 means
ANOVA and covariance use - ANSWER✔✔-compare more than 2 means
Simple and linear regression use - ANSWER✔✔-when outcome is continuous
a
B
s
u
x-bar
o
s
n - ANSWER✔✔-a-alpha type 1 error
B-beta type 2 error
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s-delta difference
u- Mu population mean
x-bar- x-bar sample mean
o-sigma sample s.d.
s- s sample s.d.
n- n sample size
variable - ANSWER✔✔-something that is measured, controlled, or manipulated; measurable attributes
4 categories of variables - ANSWER✔✔-nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio
nominal - ANSWER✔✔-qualitative; ex. gender, race, color, blood type, city
ordinal - ANSWER✔✔-rank; ex. dislike, like, indifferent
stage of cancer, performance status, class of heart failure
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interval - ANSWER✔✔-rank measured items and quantify and compare sizes of differences between
them
ex. temp, temp of 40 degrees is higher than 30 degrees
increase from 20 degrees to 40 degrees is twice as much as increase from 30 degrees to 40 degrees
-equal distance b/w points but no real 0 point
-IQ
Ratio - ANSWER✔✔-all properties of interval, but has identifiable absolute zero point, plus allows for
statements like x is 2 times more than y
ex. time or space
tempe, F or C, is not ratio. a temp of zero does not mean no tempo
-temp of 100C is not twice as hot as 50C b/c C is not a ratio variable
ex. age, height, weight, enzyme activity are ratio
-most stat data does not distinguish b.w. ratio and interval
interval and ratio - ANSWER✔✔-quantitative
nominal and ordinal - ANSWER✔✔-qualitative
item
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frequ distribution
median and percentiles
add & subtract
mean, s.d., se
ratio or CV
-nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio - ANSWER✔✔-item nom ord inter ratio
frequ yes yes yes yes
med/per no yes yes yes
mean/sd/se no no yes yes
ratio/CV no no no yes
median - ANSWER✔✔-odd= n+1/2; even n/2+1
weakness: determined by middle values
strength: less sensitive to actual numerical values of remaining data points; insensitive to outliers
Mode - ANSWER✔✔-weakness= not useful measure of central location if there is a large number of
possible values, each of which occur infrequently
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BSTA midterm Exam Study Guide
Solutions
t test use - ANSWER✔✔-compare 2 means
ANOVA and covariance use - ANSWER✔✔-compare more than 2 means
Simple and linear regression use - ANSWER✔✔-when outcome is continuous
a
B
s
u
x-bar
o
s
n - ANSWER✔✔-a-alpha type 1 error
B-beta type 2 error
Copyright © Stuvia International BV 2010-2024 Page 1/41
, Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024
s-delta difference
u- Mu population mean
x-bar- x-bar sample mean
o-sigma sample s.d.
s- s sample s.d.
n- n sample size
variable - ANSWER✔✔-something that is measured, controlled, or manipulated; measurable attributes
4 categories of variables - ANSWER✔✔-nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio
nominal - ANSWER✔✔-qualitative; ex. gender, race, color, blood type, city
ordinal - ANSWER✔✔-rank; ex. dislike, like, indifferent
stage of cancer, performance status, class of heart failure
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, Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024
interval - ANSWER✔✔-rank measured items and quantify and compare sizes of differences between
them
ex. temp, temp of 40 degrees is higher than 30 degrees
increase from 20 degrees to 40 degrees is twice as much as increase from 30 degrees to 40 degrees
-equal distance b/w points but no real 0 point
-IQ
Ratio - ANSWER✔✔-all properties of interval, but has identifiable absolute zero point, plus allows for
statements like x is 2 times more than y
ex. time or space
tempe, F or C, is not ratio. a temp of zero does not mean no tempo
-temp of 100C is not twice as hot as 50C b/c C is not a ratio variable
ex. age, height, weight, enzyme activity are ratio
-most stat data does not distinguish b.w. ratio and interval
interval and ratio - ANSWER✔✔-quantitative
nominal and ordinal - ANSWER✔✔-qualitative
item
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, Copyright © KAYLIN 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH NOVEMBER, 2024
frequ distribution
median and percentiles
add & subtract
mean, s.d., se
ratio or CV
-nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio - ANSWER✔✔-item nom ord inter ratio
frequ yes yes yes yes
med/per no yes yes yes
mean/sd/se no no yes yes
ratio/CV no no no yes
median - ANSWER✔✔-odd= n+1/2; even n/2+1
weakness: determined by middle values
strength: less sensitive to actual numerical values of remaining data points; insensitive to outliers
Mode - ANSWER✔✔-weakness= not useful measure of central location if there is a large number of
possible values, each of which occur infrequently
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