PSFA WRITTEN FINAL EXAM 2024 QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS!!
Chapter 8 - ANSWER
Models of cultural adaptation - ANSWER The U-Curve Model
The W-Curve Model
The U.S. Navy Model
Kim's Cross-Cultural Adaptation Model
Berry's Acculturation Model
Culture shock - ANSWER Refers to a stressful transitional period when individuals
move from a familiar environment into an unfamiliar one
Types of migrants - ANSWER By terms of stay:
Long-term migrants - immigrants (or emigrants).
Short-term migrants - sojourners, typically with a special purpose, e.g. study abroad.
By intention:
Voluntary - for education, work, life change
Involuntary - forced by external factors, refugees, political asylums,
U curve model - ANSWER 3 points/stages
1. Excitement
2. Culture shock
3. Adjusted
W curve model - ANSWER Considering reentry adaptation
1. Honeymoon stage (excitement)
2. Hostility stage (culture shock)
3. Humorous stage (adjusting, playing with the new culture)
4. in-sync stage (adjusted)
5. Ambivalence stage (unsure feeling after reentry)
6. Reentry culture shock stage (similar to first one)
7. Resocialisation stage (re-adjusted)
lThe US Navy mode; - ANSWER Eager anticipation stage
Everything is wonderful stage
Everything is awful stage
Everything is OK stage
Cross Cultural adaptation theory - Kim's model - ANSWER Enculturation - basic
socialization process in native culture.
Acculturation - process to fit in the host culture.
, *Deculturation - losing elements of the home culture in the process of acculturation.
Young Yun Kim's theory of cross cultural adaptation - ANSWER Stress-Adaptation-
Growth model
Rather than see culture shock as bad, she feels it is necessary, even good
The 'stress' leads to change and personal growth
Berry's acculturation model - ANSWER
Levels of factors in cultural adaptation - ANSWER System level - institutions,
history, etc. (e.g, ISC, SDSU offices, . . .)
Individual level - personal knowledge, education, expectation, age, gender, etc. (e.g.,
level of English, knowledge of the U.S., . . .)
Interpersonal level - interaction with host culture and individuals, opportunities to
socialize/connect with locals, etc. (e.g., live with American roommates, friends, . . .)
Media-level - learning of information in the media, education programs, etc. (e.g.,
following news, presidential campaign. . . )
More factors that influence these stages - ANSWER Age
Gender
Upbringing
Self-esteem
Cultural differences
Education
Finance, personality
Preparation
Expectation
Technology, term of stay
Chapter 5 - ANSWER
Perception Process - ANSWER Perception filters:
1. Selective attention - We choose to pay attention to certain aspects of an event or
person, and ignore others. E.g. in the U.S., crimes in the news as related to certain
population.
2. Selective organisation and labelling - We choose to perceive an event/person in a
certain way; and label/call them accordingly. E.g., "people of colour," "people who
speak with accent,"
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS!!
Chapter 8 - ANSWER
Models of cultural adaptation - ANSWER The U-Curve Model
The W-Curve Model
The U.S. Navy Model
Kim's Cross-Cultural Adaptation Model
Berry's Acculturation Model
Culture shock - ANSWER Refers to a stressful transitional period when individuals
move from a familiar environment into an unfamiliar one
Types of migrants - ANSWER By terms of stay:
Long-term migrants - immigrants (or emigrants).
Short-term migrants - sojourners, typically with a special purpose, e.g. study abroad.
By intention:
Voluntary - for education, work, life change
Involuntary - forced by external factors, refugees, political asylums,
U curve model - ANSWER 3 points/stages
1. Excitement
2. Culture shock
3. Adjusted
W curve model - ANSWER Considering reentry adaptation
1. Honeymoon stage (excitement)
2. Hostility stage (culture shock)
3. Humorous stage (adjusting, playing with the new culture)
4. in-sync stage (adjusted)
5. Ambivalence stage (unsure feeling after reentry)
6. Reentry culture shock stage (similar to first one)
7. Resocialisation stage (re-adjusted)
lThe US Navy mode; - ANSWER Eager anticipation stage
Everything is wonderful stage
Everything is awful stage
Everything is OK stage
Cross Cultural adaptation theory - Kim's model - ANSWER Enculturation - basic
socialization process in native culture.
Acculturation - process to fit in the host culture.
, *Deculturation - losing elements of the home culture in the process of acculturation.
Young Yun Kim's theory of cross cultural adaptation - ANSWER Stress-Adaptation-
Growth model
Rather than see culture shock as bad, she feels it is necessary, even good
The 'stress' leads to change and personal growth
Berry's acculturation model - ANSWER
Levels of factors in cultural adaptation - ANSWER System level - institutions,
history, etc. (e.g, ISC, SDSU offices, . . .)
Individual level - personal knowledge, education, expectation, age, gender, etc. (e.g.,
level of English, knowledge of the U.S., . . .)
Interpersonal level - interaction with host culture and individuals, opportunities to
socialize/connect with locals, etc. (e.g., live with American roommates, friends, . . .)
Media-level - learning of information in the media, education programs, etc. (e.g.,
following news, presidential campaign. . . )
More factors that influence these stages - ANSWER Age
Gender
Upbringing
Self-esteem
Cultural differences
Education
Finance, personality
Preparation
Expectation
Technology, term of stay
Chapter 5 - ANSWER
Perception Process - ANSWER Perception filters:
1. Selective attention - We choose to pay attention to certain aspects of an event or
person, and ignore others. E.g. in the U.S., crimes in the news as related to certain
population.
2. Selective organisation and labelling - We choose to perceive an event/person in a
certain way; and label/call them accordingly. E.g., "people of colour," "people who
speak with accent,"
