What is BMI? - ANSWER Body Mass Index
What does BMI measure? - ANSWER measures weight in relation to
height and correlates this with body fat
What are the BMI ranges? - ANSWER 1. Underweight: Under 18.5
2. Healthy Weight: 18.5-24.9
3. Overweight: 25-29.9
4. Obese: 30 or greater
What are the risk factors for obesity? - ANSWER •Genetics
•Hormones
•Behavioral factors (sedentary lifestyle, diet choices)
What are the treatment for obesity? - ANSWER •Weight loss programs
•If ineffective, medications may be prescribed to:
oPrevent digestion of fats
oSuppress appetite
•If ineffective, Bariatric Surgery may be an option
Nursing care in general for obesity - ANSWER •Low fowler position to
maximize chest expansion
•Supplemental O2 if indicated
•Use appropriately-sized BP for accurate readings
•Use bariatric equipment such as lifts, transport equipment, beds,
bedside commodes, trapeze bar
•Assess factors that are altering nutrition intake
Post bariatric surgery nursing care - ANSWER •Monitor for anastomotic
leak - life threatening!!
•Do not reposition NG tube
•Monitor for post-op complications r/t obesity
•Monitor bowel sounds and measure abdominal girth daily or as
prescribed
, •Ambulate ASAP
•Resume fluids ASAP
•Liquid/pureed diet for 1st 6 weeks, not more than a cup at a time
•Educate client to walk at least 30 min daily, take vitamin and mineral
supplements, 6 small meals/day, and report S/S of dehydration as well
as S/S of Dumping syndrome: cramps, diarrhea, tachycardia, dizziness,
fatigue
•Teach to avoid empty calories (soda) and to eat nutrient-dense foods
Osteoporosis Pathophysiology - ANSWER •Osteoclasts - cells in bones
which Break down bone tissue.
•Osteoblasts - cells in bones which make new bone tissue.
•Formation of new bone occurs more rapidly than bone
resorption/destruction until in one's 30, after the time of peak bone mass
•After that time, bones become thinner with larger holes in the spongy
bone/tissue, and even minimal stress can fracture the bone.
osteoporosis risk factors (modifiable) - ANSWER •Poor Diet
•Insufficient calcium
•High phosphate intake (as in sodas/carbonated beverages) depletes
calcium stores
•Insufficient Vitamin D (needed to absorb calcium from the intestines
into the blood)
•High protein diet (puts the body in acidosis which 1) draws calcium
from the bone and 2) may directly stimulate osteoclasts
•Excess caffeine (causes excretion of calcium in the urine)
•Low body weight (BMI < 20) - will cause the body to stop producing
estrogen
•Certain meds
•Lack of exercise - weight-bearing exercises causes increased blood
flow to bones and an increase in osteoblast growth/activity
•smoking- decreases blood supply to the bones; slows production of
osteoblasts; impairs calcium absorption from intestines
•Heavy alcohol use (3 or more drinks/day) - toxic to osteoblasts; may
contribute to nutritional deficiencies
What does BMI measure? - ANSWER measures weight in relation to
height and correlates this with body fat
What are the BMI ranges? - ANSWER 1. Underweight: Under 18.5
2. Healthy Weight: 18.5-24.9
3. Overweight: 25-29.9
4. Obese: 30 or greater
What are the risk factors for obesity? - ANSWER •Genetics
•Hormones
•Behavioral factors (sedentary lifestyle, diet choices)
What are the treatment for obesity? - ANSWER •Weight loss programs
•If ineffective, medications may be prescribed to:
oPrevent digestion of fats
oSuppress appetite
•If ineffective, Bariatric Surgery may be an option
Nursing care in general for obesity - ANSWER •Low fowler position to
maximize chest expansion
•Supplemental O2 if indicated
•Use appropriately-sized BP for accurate readings
•Use bariatric equipment such as lifts, transport equipment, beds,
bedside commodes, trapeze bar
•Assess factors that are altering nutrition intake
Post bariatric surgery nursing care - ANSWER •Monitor for anastomotic
leak - life threatening!!
•Do not reposition NG tube
•Monitor for post-op complications r/t obesity
•Monitor bowel sounds and measure abdominal girth daily or as
prescribed
, •Ambulate ASAP
•Resume fluids ASAP
•Liquid/pureed diet for 1st 6 weeks, not more than a cup at a time
•Educate client to walk at least 30 min daily, take vitamin and mineral
supplements, 6 small meals/day, and report S/S of dehydration as well
as S/S of Dumping syndrome: cramps, diarrhea, tachycardia, dizziness,
fatigue
•Teach to avoid empty calories (soda) and to eat nutrient-dense foods
Osteoporosis Pathophysiology - ANSWER •Osteoclasts - cells in bones
which Break down bone tissue.
•Osteoblasts - cells in bones which make new bone tissue.
•Formation of new bone occurs more rapidly than bone
resorption/destruction until in one's 30, after the time of peak bone mass
•After that time, bones become thinner with larger holes in the spongy
bone/tissue, and even minimal stress can fracture the bone.
osteoporosis risk factors (modifiable) - ANSWER •Poor Diet
•Insufficient calcium
•High phosphate intake (as in sodas/carbonated beverages) depletes
calcium stores
•Insufficient Vitamin D (needed to absorb calcium from the intestines
into the blood)
•High protein diet (puts the body in acidosis which 1) draws calcium
from the bone and 2) may directly stimulate osteoclasts
•Excess caffeine (causes excretion of calcium in the urine)
•Low body weight (BMI < 20) - will cause the body to stop producing
estrogen
•Certain meds
•Lack of exercise - weight-bearing exercises causes increased blood
flow to bones and an increase in osteoblast growth/activity
•smoking- decreases blood supply to the bones; slows production of
osteoblasts; impairs calcium absorption from intestines
•Heavy alcohol use (3 or more drinks/day) - toxic to osteoblasts; may
contribute to nutritional deficiencies
