Urolithiasis
presence of calculi (stones) in the urinary tract
Calculi
kidney stones
Brainpower
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Urinary Calculi
• What we consider "kidney stones"
• Lodge anywhere in urinary tract causing obstruction and damage
• Patient experiences severe pain
Kidney stones are most common in
Caucasians, African Americans, young or middle adulthood
Kidney stone risk factors
• Majority Idiopathic
• Family History
• Dehydration
• Immobility
• Excess intake of calcium, oxalate, or proteins
• Gout, hyperparathyroidism, urinary stasis, repeated infections.
Kidney stone prevention
• Maintaining adequate fluid intake
• Calcium stones
,• Uric acid stones
• Medications
Kidney stones symptoms
nausea, vomiting, pain radiates in flank area, hematuria, sharp severe pain
hematuria
blood in the urine
Flank Pain
• May suggest that the stone is in the kidney or ureter
• When radiating to the abdomen,scrotum, testes, vulva this maysuggest stone
is in the ureter orbladder
Kidney stone complications
• Obstruction
• Hydronephrosis- swelling of one or both kidneys.
• Infection
Kidney stones diag tests
• Urinalysis
• X-ray of kidney
• KUB- kidney, urine, bladder xray
• Renal Ultrasound or cystoscopy
• CT scan/MRI
• IVP- a type of x-ray that provides images of the urinary tract.
Lithotripsy
• Use of shock-wave energy
• Move through soft flank tissue
• Breaks up the calculi into fragments
ureteroscopy
, visual examination of the ureter
surgery for kidney stones
nephrolithotomy- through skin to remove kidney stones
Open surgery:
• Ureterolithotomy- open or laparoscopic surgical removal of a stone from the
ureter.
• Pyelolithotomy- Remove stones in the renal pelvis
• Nephrolithotomy
Meds for kidney stones
opioids- Morphine, used to treat pain
NSAIDs- used for pain, fever, inflammation. Ex: ketorolac (Toradol)
Spasmolytic Meds- treat pain by decreasing bladder muscle spasms ex:
oxybutynin
Antibiotics- Used to treat uti Ex: Gentamicin, cephalexin
Nursing care for kidney stones
• Monitor and report lab results to provider
• Administer meds per MD orders and within your scope of practice
• Strain all urine to check for passage of the stone• Save particles for lab for
analysis
• Encourage increased oral fluid intake
• Assist with IV fluid administration
• Encourage patient ambulation
• Monitor patient’s pain• Monitor patient’s I & O
Cause for urinary diversion
presence of calculi (stones) in the urinary tract
Calculi
kidney stones
Brainpower
Read More
Urinary Calculi
• What we consider "kidney stones"
• Lodge anywhere in urinary tract causing obstruction and damage
• Patient experiences severe pain
Kidney stones are most common in
Caucasians, African Americans, young or middle adulthood
Kidney stone risk factors
• Majority Idiopathic
• Family History
• Dehydration
• Immobility
• Excess intake of calcium, oxalate, or proteins
• Gout, hyperparathyroidism, urinary stasis, repeated infections.
Kidney stone prevention
• Maintaining adequate fluid intake
• Calcium stones
,• Uric acid stones
• Medications
Kidney stones symptoms
nausea, vomiting, pain radiates in flank area, hematuria, sharp severe pain
hematuria
blood in the urine
Flank Pain
• May suggest that the stone is in the kidney or ureter
• When radiating to the abdomen,scrotum, testes, vulva this maysuggest stone
is in the ureter orbladder
Kidney stone complications
• Obstruction
• Hydronephrosis- swelling of one or both kidneys.
• Infection
Kidney stones diag tests
• Urinalysis
• X-ray of kidney
• KUB- kidney, urine, bladder xray
• Renal Ultrasound or cystoscopy
• CT scan/MRI
• IVP- a type of x-ray that provides images of the urinary tract.
Lithotripsy
• Use of shock-wave energy
• Move through soft flank tissue
• Breaks up the calculi into fragments
ureteroscopy
, visual examination of the ureter
surgery for kidney stones
nephrolithotomy- through skin to remove kidney stones
Open surgery:
• Ureterolithotomy- open or laparoscopic surgical removal of a stone from the
ureter.
• Pyelolithotomy- Remove stones in the renal pelvis
• Nephrolithotomy
Meds for kidney stones
opioids- Morphine, used to treat pain
NSAIDs- used for pain, fever, inflammation. Ex: ketorolac (Toradol)
Spasmolytic Meds- treat pain by decreasing bladder muscle spasms ex:
oxybutynin
Antibiotics- Used to treat uti Ex: Gentamicin, cephalexin
Nursing care for kidney stones
• Monitor and report lab results to provider
• Administer meds per MD orders and within your scope of practice
• Strain all urine to check for passage of the stone• Save particles for lab for
analysis
• Encourage increased oral fluid intake
• Assist with IV fluid administration
• Encourage patient ambulation
• Monitor patient’s pain• Monitor patient’s I & O
Cause for urinary diversion
