WCU PATHO 370 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) WITH
RATIONALES | ALREADY GRADED A+
A patient reports a sensation of pressure within the
vagina. On examination, an anterior bulge is noted. This
finding supports a diagnosis of
a. Uterine retrodisplacement
b. Uterine prolapse
c. Cystocele
d. Rectocele Correct Answer c. Cystocele
A 60-year-old client reports pain in the knees. The client
denies any previous infection or pain in the spine. The
assessment data support a diagnosis of
a. Rheumatic fever
b. Reiter syndrome
c. Lyme disease
d. Osteoarthritis Correct Answer d. Osteoarthritis
A client develops weakness in both lower extremities
following a prolonged period of bed rest. This condition is
most likely caused by
a. Atrophy
b. Dysplasia
c. Hypertrophy
,d. Hyperplasia Correct Answer a. Atrophy
Cellular hypoxia results in
a. Increased pH
b. Enhanced ATP activity
c. Loss of intracellular calcium
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump Correct Answer
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
Which component of the blood is responsible for
protecting the body by phagocytosis of micro-organisms
and other debris?
a. Platelets
b. Leukocytes
c. Erythrocytes
d. Plasma proteins Correct Answer b. Leukocytes
Leukocytes protect the body by phagocytosis of micro-
organisms and other debris. They also participate in
antibody formation.
Platelets are essential in clot formation.
Erythrocytes are responsible for transporting oxygen.
Plasma proteins contribute to blood viscosity and blood
pressure.
A diagnosis of cryptorchidism indicates that the client has
a. An undersized penis
b. An undescended testis
c. A misplaced urethral meatus opening
d. Foreskin that is not in its normal position Correct
Answer b. An undescended testis
,Risk factors for the development of high blood pressure
are which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Age
b. Race
c. Diet
d. Weight
e. Chronic illness Correct Answer a. Age
b. Race
c. Diet
d. Weight
The older a person is, the less elastic the blood vessels
are, which results in higher systemic vascular resistance.
High blood pressure occurs two to three times more
frequently in the African American population than in the
Caucasian population.
Diets high in fat and sodium have been associated with
hypertension.
An association with elevated body mass index and high
blood pressure has been noted; however, the exact
mechanism is unclear.
Chronic illness will not necessarily result in hypertension.
The pathologic changes that occur in the development of
coronary atherosclerotic lesions include cell damage
resulting from which of the following? (Select all that
apply.)
a. A decrease in smooth muscle cells
b. A chronic calcium buildup
c. The effects of oxidized lipids
, d. An inflammatory response
e. The formation of plaques Correct Answer c. The effects
of oxidized lipids
d. An inflammatory response
e. The formation of plaques
Clinical manifestations of extracellular fluid volume deficit
include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Decreased postural blood pressure
b. Flat neck veins
c. Weight loss
d. Dizziness
e. Vomiting.
f. Oliguria Correct Answer a. Decreased postural blood
pressure
b. Flat neck veins
c. Weight loss
d. Dizziness
f. Oliguria
Which cellular change is seen with chronic bronchitis?
a. Increased eosinophils
b. Decreased CD8 T lymphocytes
c. Decreased interleukin-8 levels
d. Atrophy of bronchial glands Correct Answer a.
Increased eosinophils
A patient exposed to herpes simplex virus has been
exhibiting symptoms that suggest an inflammation of the
brain. This type of infection is referred to as
a. Brain abscess
FINAL EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) WITH
RATIONALES | ALREADY GRADED A+
A patient reports a sensation of pressure within the
vagina. On examination, an anterior bulge is noted. This
finding supports a diagnosis of
a. Uterine retrodisplacement
b. Uterine prolapse
c. Cystocele
d. Rectocele Correct Answer c. Cystocele
A 60-year-old client reports pain in the knees. The client
denies any previous infection or pain in the spine. The
assessment data support a diagnosis of
a. Rheumatic fever
b. Reiter syndrome
c. Lyme disease
d. Osteoarthritis Correct Answer d. Osteoarthritis
A client develops weakness in both lower extremities
following a prolonged period of bed rest. This condition is
most likely caused by
a. Atrophy
b. Dysplasia
c. Hypertrophy
,d. Hyperplasia Correct Answer a. Atrophy
Cellular hypoxia results in
a. Increased pH
b. Enhanced ATP activity
c. Loss of intracellular calcium
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump Correct Answer
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
Which component of the blood is responsible for
protecting the body by phagocytosis of micro-organisms
and other debris?
a. Platelets
b. Leukocytes
c. Erythrocytes
d. Plasma proteins Correct Answer b. Leukocytes
Leukocytes protect the body by phagocytosis of micro-
organisms and other debris. They also participate in
antibody formation.
Platelets are essential in clot formation.
Erythrocytes are responsible for transporting oxygen.
Plasma proteins contribute to blood viscosity and blood
pressure.
A diagnosis of cryptorchidism indicates that the client has
a. An undersized penis
b. An undescended testis
c. A misplaced urethral meatus opening
d. Foreskin that is not in its normal position Correct
Answer b. An undescended testis
,Risk factors for the development of high blood pressure
are which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Age
b. Race
c. Diet
d. Weight
e. Chronic illness Correct Answer a. Age
b. Race
c. Diet
d. Weight
The older a person is, the less elastic the blood vessels
are, which results in higher systemic vascular resistance.
High blood pressure occurs two to three times more
frequently in the African American population than in the
Caucasian population.
Diets high in fat and sodium have been associated with
hypertension.
An association with elevated body mass index and high
blood pressure has been noted; however, the exact
mechanism is unclear.
Chronic illness will not necessarily result in hypertension.
The pathologic changes that occur in the development of
coronary atherosclerotic lesions include cell damage
resulting from which of the following? (Select all that
apply.)
a. A decrease in smooth muscle cells
b. A chronic calcium buildup
c. The effects of oxidized lipids
, d. An inflammatory response
e. The formation of plaques Correct Answer c. The effects
of oxidized lipids
d. An inflammatory response
e. The formation of plaques
Clinical manifestations of extracellular fluid volume deficit
include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Decreased postural blood pressure
b. Flat neck veins
c. Weight loss
d. Dizziness
e. Vomiting.
f. Oliguria Correct Answer a. Decreased postural blood
pressure
b. Flat neck veins
c. Weight loss
d. Dizziness
f. Oliguria
Which cellular change is seen with chronic bronchitis?
a. Increased eosinophils
b. Decreased CD8 T lymphocytes
c. Decreased interleukin-8 levels
d. Atrophy of bronchial glands Correct Answer a.
Increased eosinophils
A patient exposed to herpes simplex virus has been
exhibiting symptoms that suggest an inflammation of the
brain. This type of infection is referred to as
a. Brain abscess
