NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (2024-2024) EXAM
1.
What happens to the heart due to Aortic Stenosis? -
<<<Answers>>>Aortic valve does not open as it should so
there is a greater resistance required to open the valve. Heart
murmur heard during systole (S1).
Leads to
- left ventricular hypertrophy
-decreased aortic blood flow
Clinical manifestations of Aortic Stenosis -
<<<Answers>>>Symptoms commonly don't appear until
condition is severe
Includes:
-dyspnea on exertion or exercise intolerance
-exertional dizziness
-exertional angina
-symptoms of HF
Clinical manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
(SLE) - <<<Answers>>>"Butterfly rash"
Lupus damages kidneys and causes severe inflammation
Systemic Effects:
-Raynaud's phenomenon (episodic vasospasms of arteries) -
cyanosis/pallor
-myalgia (muscle pain and aches)
,NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (2024-2024) EXAM
1.
-anemia
-joint inflammation
-lethargy
-weight loss
-poor circulation in hands/fingers
* May accelerate risk for coronary artery disease
S&S include: angina, pleuritis, pleural effusion, dyspnea,
Etiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) -
<<<Answers>>>Autoimmune disorder
Cause unknown
Risk factors:
1. Genetic predisposition (most likely responsible)
2. Environmental elements
-presence of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
- Exposure to UV light
3. Hormonal elements
- estrogen (common in women during menses or pregnancy)
4. Immunological elements
5. Some medications
Endocarditis - <<<Answers>>>-aka Infective Endocarditis
(IE)
,NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (2024-2024) EXAM
1.
1. native valve
2. prosthetic valve
3. IVDA (IV drug abuse)
4. health care associated
-Generally caused my infection (bacterial)
-Inflammation of the inner lining of the endocardium
-Damages valves
Potential Complications:
-Aggregation of platelets causes thrombosis
-Valve disorders
Myocarditis - <<<Answers>>>- aka Inflammatory
Cardiomyopathy
-Generally caused by infection
-Inflammation of the myocardium (muscle tissue of the heart)
Potential Complications:
-HF (damage to heart muscle causes it not pump effectively)
-necrosis of cardiac myocytes (due to cytokines released from
T cells)
-dysrhythmias (conduction disruption)
, NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (2024-2024) EXAM
1.
What is DVT? - <<<Answers>>>Deep Vein Thrombosis
-Occurs when a thrombus develops in a deep leg vein
accompanied by inflammation.
-The thrombus can travel as an embolism within the venous
system , then enter the lungs, where it becomes a PE
Etiology of DVT - <<<Answers>>>Predisposing factors:
(known as Virchow's triad)
-Venous stasis
-Vascular damage
-Hypercoagulability
Pathophysiology of DVT - <<<Answers>>>1. Formation of
deep venous clot
2. Clot (embolus) travels into the inferior vena cava
3. Embolus travels into the right atrium, right ventricle and
pulmonary artery
Clinical manifestations of DVT & PE - <<<Answers>>>DVT
Unilateral leg pan, redness, ropiness, tenderness and/or
warmth over a vein, edema, and some may experience
Homan's sign (calf pain at dorsiflexion of foot).
1.
What happens to the heart due to Aortic Stenosis? -
<<<Answers>>>Aortic valve does not open as it should so
there is a greater resistance required to open the valve. Heart
murmur heard during systole (S1).
Leads to
- left ventricular hypertrophy
-decreased aortic blood flow
Clinical manifestations of Aortic Stenosis -
<<<Answers>>>Symptoms commonly don't appear until
condition is severe
Includes:
-dyspnea on exertion or exercise intolerance
-exertional dizziness
-exertional angina
-symptoms of HF
Clinical manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
(SLE) - <<<Answers>>>"Butterfly rash"
Lupus damages kidneys and causes severe inflammation
Systemic Effects:
-Raynaud's phenomenon (episodic vasospasms of arteries) -
cyanosis/pallor
-myalgia (muscle pain and aches)
,NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (2024-2024) EXAM
1.
-anemia
-joint inflammation
-lethargy
-weight loss
-poor circulation in hands/fingers
* May accelerate risk for coronary artery disease
S&S include: angina, pleuritis, pleural effusion, dyspnea,
Etiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) -
<<<Answers>>>Autoimmune disorder
Cause unknown
Risk factors:
1. Genetic predisposition (most likely responsible)
2. Environmental elements
-presence of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
- Exposure to UV light
3. Hormonal elements
- estrogen (common in women during menses or pregnancy)
4. Immunological elements
5. Some medications
Endocarditis - <<<Answers>>>-aka Infective Endocarditis
(IE)
,NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (2024-2024) EXAM
1.
1. native valve
2. prosthetic valve
3. IVDA (IV drug abuse)
4. health care associated
-Generally caused my infection (bacterial)
-Inflammation of the inner lining of the endocardium
-Damages valves
Potential Complications:
-Aggregation of platelets causes thrombosis
-Valve disorders
Myocarditis - <<<Answers>>>- aka Inflammatory
Cardiomyopathy
-Generally caused by infection
-Inflammation of the myocardium (muscle tissue of the heart)
Potential Complications:
-HF (damage to heart muscle causes it not pump effectively)
-necrosis of cardiac myocytes (due to cytokines released from
T cells)
-dysrhythmias (conduction disruption)
, NUR 376 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (2024-2024) EXAM
1.
What is DVT? - <<<Answers>>>Deep Vein Thrombosis
-Occurs when a thrombus develops in a deep leg vein
accompanied by inflammation.
-The thrombus can travel as an embolism within the venous
system , then enter the lungs, where it becomes a PE
Etiology of DVT - <<<Answers>>>Predisposing factors:
(known as Virchow's triad)
-Venous stasis
-Vascular damage
-Hypercoagulability
Pathophysiology of DVT - <<<Answers>>>1. Formation of
deep venous clot
2. Clot (embolus) travels into the inferior vena cava
3. Embolus travels into the right atrium, right ventricle and
pulmonary artery
Clinical manifestations of DVT & PE - <<<Answers>>>DVT
Unilateral leg pan, redness, ropiness, tenderness and/or
warmth over a vein, edema, and some may experience
Homan's sign (calf pain at dorsiflexion of foot).
