NUR 2090 EXAM 2 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WIT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
what is an isotonic solution and give the 2 examples
Solutions with the same osmotic concentration as cells, used to increase extracellular
fluid volume due to blood loss, surgery, dehydration, or fluid loss.
They are used for vascular expansion, and electrolyte replacement.
Examples to know: Normal saline and Lactated Ringer's
What are the nursing considerations when it comes to giving ISOTONIC
solutions?
Monitor closely for signs of fluid overload, especially if the patient has a history of renal
or cardiovascular disease.
Avoid use of lactated Ringer's in patients with liver disease or those in metabolic
acidosis
What is a hyptonic solution, what is it used for, and give an example.
Hypotonic solutions move fluid into cells and interstitial space. They are used for cellular
dehydration.
Example to know: 0.45% NaCl
What are the nursing considerations when it comes to giving HYPOTONIC
solutions?
,Monitor patients closely as fluid can move into cells, potentially causing low blood
volume and cardiovascular collapse.
Avoid giving to patients with head trauma, neurosurgery, or stroke, as these solutions
can increase intracranial pressure.
Avoid patients at risk for fluid shifting into tissues (third spacing), such as burn victims,
trauma patients, or those with liver failure or severe malnutrition.
What is a hypertonic solution, what is it used for, and give an example.
A hypertonic solution pulls fluid from inside the cells into the bloodstream.
t's used for conditions like intravascular dehydration, fluid overload, and sepsis. An
example is 3% NaCl (sodium chloride).
What are the nursing considerations when it comes to giving HYPERTONIC
solutions?
Closely monitor for fluid overload as these solutions increase blood volume.
Avoid patients with kidney or heart problems.
Don't use it in patients with intracellular dehydration, like in diabetic ketoacidosis.
Typically used only in intensive care settings
Why are hypertonic solutions used cautiously
Hypertonic solutions are used very cautiously, usually in the ICU, because they can
quickly cause fluid overload or pulmonary edema. They are best given through a central
line to avoid vein irritation and the risk of infiltration.
what are some visible signs of fluid overload?
,-dyspnea, shortness of breath, pulmonary edema (crackles), orthopnea; increased
respiratory rate
-anxiety; mental status changes; restlessness
-high blood pressure; bounding pulse; increased pulse rate
-jugular vein distention; peripheral edema
-wieght gain
-decreased urine output
Risk of fluid overload is increased for which patients?
Patients with a history of heart failure or kidney issues are at higher risk for fluid
overload. Always use an electronic infusion device (EID) to control the infusion rate and
prevent sudden increases.
List all of the equipment for peripheral IV infusion (this will be a select all that
apply question on the test)****
1. Access device (IV catheter)
2. Container with IV solution
3. IV tubing
4. Electronic infusion deivce (EID) (if available)
5. Needleless connection
6. watch with second hand if calculation drop rate
INFILTRATION
Signs and Symptoms:
Action:
Prevention:
, Signs and Symptoms: Swelling, coolness, discomfort at the site, slowed infusion, no
blood return.
Action: Stop the IV, restart in a new location, and apply warm soaks to reduce swelling.
Prevention: Choose a site over long bones, avoid joints, and use stabilization devices.
PHLEBITIS
Signs and Symptoms:
Action:
Prevention:
Signs and Symptoms: Pain, warmth, redness at the site, hard vein, slowed infusion
rate
Action: Stop the IV, restart in a new location, apply warm soaks for comfort, and do not
irrigate.
Prevention: Change IV sites every 72 hours, use large veins and needles instead of
catheter , dilute medications well, infuse slowly, and use a central line for irritating
solutions.
INFECTIONS
Signs and symptoms:
Action:
Prevention:
Signs and Symptoms:
Local: Redness, warmth, and pus at the site.
Systemic: Fever, chills, fatigue, and high WBC count.
WIT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
what is an isotonic solution and give the 2 examples
Solutions with the same osmotic concentration as cells, used to increase extracellular
fluid volume due to blood loss, surgery, dehydration, or fluid loss.
They are used for vascular expansion, and electrolyte replacement.
Examples to know: Normal saline and Lactated Ringer's
What are the nursing considerations when it comes to giving ISOTONIC
solutions?
Monitor closely for signs of fluid overload, especially if the patient has a history of renal
or cardiovascular disease.
Avoid use of lactated Ringer's in patients with liver disease or those in metabolic
acidosis
What is a hyptonic solution, what is it used for, and give an example.
Hypotonic solutions move fluid into cells and interstitial space. They are used for cellular
dehydration.
Example to know: 0.45% NaCl
What are the nursing considerations when it comes to giving HYPOTONIC
solutions?
,Monitor patients closely as fluid can move into cells, potentially causing low blood
volume and cardiovascular collapse.
Avoid giving to patients with head trauma, neurosurgery, or stroke, as these solutions
can increase intracranial pressure.
Avoid patients at risk for fluid shifting into tissues (third spacing), such as burn victims,
trauma patients, or those with liver failure or severe malnutrition.
What is a hypertonic solution, what is it used for, and give an example.
A hypertonic solution pulls fluid from inside the cells into the bloodstream.
t's used for conditions like intravascular dehydration, fluid overload, and sepsis. An
example is 3% NaCl (sodium chloride).
What are the nursing considerations when it comes to giving HYPERTONIC
solutions?
Closely monitor for fluid overload as these solutions increase blood volume.
Avoid patients with kidney or heart problems.
Don't use it in patients with intracellular dehydration, like in diabetic ketoacidosis.
Typically used only in intensive care settings
Why are hypertonic solutions used cautiously
Hypertonic solutions are used very cautiously, usually in the ICU, because they can
quickly cause fluid overload or pulmonary edema. They are best given through a central
line to avoid vein irritation and the risk of infiltration.
what are some visible signs of fluid overload?
,-dyspnea, shortness of breath, pulmonary edema (crackles), orthopnea; increased
respiratory rate
-anxiety; mental status changes; restlessness
-high blood pressure; bounding pulse; increased pulse rate
-jugular vein distention; peripheral edema
-wieght gain
-decreased urine output
Risk of fluid overload is increased for which patients?
Patients with a history of heart failure or kidney issues are at higher risk for fluid
overload. Always use an electronic infusion device (EID) to control the infusion rate and
prevent sudden increases.
List all of the equipment for peripheral IV infusion (this will be a select all that
apply question on the test)****
1. Access device (IV catheter)
2. Container with IV solution
3. IV tubing
4. Electronic infusion deivce (EID) (if available)
5. Needleless connection
6. watch with second hand if calculation drop rate
INFILTRATION
Signs and Symptoms:
Action:
Prevention:
, Signs and Symptoms: Swelling, coolness, discomfort at the site, slowed infusion, no
blood return.
Action: Stop the IV, restart in a new location, and apply warm soaks to reduce swelling.
Prevention: Choose a site over long bones, avoid joints, and use stabilization devices.
PHLEBITIS
Signs and Symptoms:
Action:
Prevention:
Signs and Symptoms: Pain, warmth, redness at the site, hard vein, slowed infusion
rate
Action: Stop the IV, restart in a new location, apply warm soaks for comfort, and do not
irrigate.
Prevention: Change IV sites every 72 hours, use large veins and needles instead of
catheter , dilute medications well, infuse slowly, and use a central line for irritating
solutions.
INFECTIONS
Signs and symptoms:
Action:
Prevention:
Signs and Symptoms:
Local: Redness, warmth, and pus at the site.
Systemic: Fever, chills, fatigue, and high WBC count.
