NUR 2090 TEST 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS RATED A++
Body Fluid
Water containing electrolytes, blood cells, and other soluble molecules.
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
Fluid located within the cells.
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
All fluid outside the cells.
Intravascular Fluid
Fluid inside the blood and lymphatic vessels.
Vascular Volume
The most regulated aspect of fluid balance, crucial for blood pressure maintenance.
Osmolality
The proportion of dissolved particles in a given weight of fluid (mOsm/L).
Osmolarity
The concentration of dissolved substances in a given volume of fluid (mOsm/L).
Normal Serum Osmolality Range
280-300 mOsm/kg.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Hormone that adjusts the amount of water excreted in urine, controlled by hypothalamic
cells monitoring body fluid osmolality.
, Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher molecular concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
Osmosis
Movement of fluid through a semipermeable membrane.
Active Transport
Process requiring energy by which molecules are moved across membranes from an
area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration.
Filtration
Transfer of water and dissolved substances through a permeable membrane from a
region of high pressure to a region of low pressure.
Fluid Imbalance
Extracellular fluid and volume deficit, also known as hypovolemia, saline deficit, and
isotonic dehydration.
Possible Causes of Fluid Imbalance
Inadequate intake, abnormal losses (such as vomiting or diarrhea), or both.
Treatment for Fluid Imbalance
Includes oral and/or IV replacement of sodium, chloride, and water in the same
concentrations found in body fluid.
Oral Dehydration Fluids
Salty liquids such as broth and tomato juice.
IV Normal Saline
0.9% sodium chloride used for intravenous therapy.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS RATED A++
Body Fluid
Water containing electrolytes, blood cells, and other soluble molecules.
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
Fluid located within the cells.
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
All fluid outside the cells.
Intravascular Fluid
Fluid inside the blood and lymphatic vessels.
Vascular Volume
The most regulated aspect of fluid balance, crucial for blood pressure maintenance.
Osmolality
The proportion of dissolved particles in a given weight of fluid (mOsm/L).
Osmolarity
The concentration of dissolved substances in a given volume of fluid (mOsm/L).
Normal Serum Osmolality Range
280-300 mOsm/kg.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Hormone that adjusts the amount of water excreted in urine, controlled by hypothalamic
cells monitoring body fluid osmolality.
, Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher molecular concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
Osmosis
Movement of fluid through a semipermeable membrane.
Active Transport
Process requiring energy by which molecules are moved across membranes from an
area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration.
Filtration
Transfer of water and dissolved substances through a permeable membrane from a
region of high pressure to a region of low pressure.
Fluid Imbalance
Extracellular fluid and volume deficit, also known as hypovolemia, saline deficit, and
isotonic dehydration.
Possible Causes of Fluid Imbalance
Inadequate intake, abnormal losses (such as vomiting or diarrhea), or both.
Treatment for Fluid Imbalance
Includes oral and/or IV replacement of sodium, chloride, and water in the same
concentrations found in body fluid.
Oral Dehydration Fluids
Salty liquids such as broth and tomato juice.
IV Normal Saline
0.9% sodium chloride used for intravenous therapy.
