NUR 2090 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Cranial nerves
12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain
What are the 12 cranial nerves?
I - (Olfactory) 1
II - (Optic) 2
III - (Oculomotor) 3
IV - (Trochlear) 4
V - (Trigeminal) 5
VI - (Abducens) 6
VII - (Facial) 7
VIII - (Vestibulocochlear) 8
IX - (Glossopharyngeal) 9
X - (Vagus) 10
XI - (Spinal Accessory) 11
XII - (Hypoglossal) 12
Olfactory (cranial nerve)
Sense of smell
Optic (cranial nerve)
vision
,Oculomotor (cranial nerve)
Pupillary reflex and extraocular eye movement
Trocochlear (cranial nerve)
Lateral and downward movement of eyeball
Trigeminal (cranial nerve)
Sensation to corner, skin of face, nasal mucosa
Abducens (cranial nerve)
Lateral movement of eyeball
Facial (cranial nerve)
Facial expressions and taste (anterior two thirds of tongue)
Vestibulocochlear (cranial nerve)
hearing and balance
Glossopharyngeal (cranial nerve)
Taste (posterior tongue)
Swallowing
Movement of tongue
Vagus (cranial nerve)
Swallowing
Movement of vocal chords
Sensation of pharynx
Spinal accessory (cranial nerve)
Head and shoulder movement
Hypoglossal (cranial nerve)
,Tongue position
How do we assess olfactory nerve?
Ask patient to identify different mild aromas, such as vanilla, coffee, chocolate, and
cloves.
How do we assess optic nerve?
Ask patient to look at the Snellen chart
How do we assess oculomotor nerve?
Assess pupil reaction to penlight
Assess directions of gaze by holding your finger 18 inches from patients face.
Ask patient to follow your finger up and down and side to side.
How do we assess trocochlear nerve?
Assess directions of gaze. Test with cranial nerve 3.
How do we assess trigeminal nerve?
Lightly touch cotton swab to the lateral sclera of the eye to elicit blink.
Measure sensation of touch and pain on the face using cotton wisp.
How do we assess abducens nerve?
Assess direction of gaze. Test with cranial nerve 3.
How do we assess facial nerve?
Ask patient to smile, frown, and raise eyebrows.
Ask patient to identify different tastes on tip and sides of tongue; sugar (sweet), salt,
and lemon juice (sour)
How do we assess vestibulocochlear nerve?
Assess ability to hear spoken word
, How do we assess glossopharyngeal nerve?
Ask patient to identify different tastes on the back of the tongue as above.
Place a tongue blade on posterior tongue while patient says "ah" to elicit a gag
response.
Ask patient to move tongue up and down and side to side.
How do we assess vagus nerve?
Assess with cranial nerve 9 by observing palate and pharynx move as patient says "ah"
How do we assess spinal accessory nerve?
Ask patient to turn head side to side and shrug shoulders against resistance from
examiner's hand
How do we assess hypoglossal nerve?
Ask patient to stick out tongue to midline; then move it side to side
What eye exam is used for cranial nerves 3, 4, and 6?
PERRLA
What does PERRLA stand for?
Pupils
Equal size (range 3-7 mm)
Round shape
React to light
Light is direct or consensual
Accommodation (close: converge and constrict) (distance: straight & dilate)
What tests are used for cranial nerve 8?
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
Cranial nerves
12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain
What are the 12 cranial nerves?
I - (Olfactory) 1
II - (Optic) 2
III - (Oculomotor) 3
IV - (Trochlear) 4
V - (Trigeminal) 5
VI - (Abducens) 6
VII - (Facial) 7
VIII - (Vestibulocochlear) 8
IX - (Glossopharyngeal) 9
X - (Vagus) 10
XI - (Spinal Accessory) 11
XII - (Hypoglossal) 12
Olfactory (cranial nerve)
Sense of smell
Optic (cranial nerve)
vision
,Oculomotor (cranial nerve)
Pupillary reflex and extraocular eye movement
Trocochlear (cranial nerve)
Lateral and downward movement of eyeball
Trigeminal (cranial nerve)
Sensation to corner, skin of face, nasal mucosa
Abducens (cranial nerve)
Lateral movement of eyeball
Facial (cranial nerve)
Facial expressions and taste (anterior two thirds of tongue)
Vestibulocochlear (cranial nerve)
hearing and balance
Glossopharyngeal (cranial nerve)
Taste (posterior tongue)
Swallowing
Movement of tongue
Vagus (cranial nerve)
Swallowing
Movement of vocal chords
Sensation of pharynx
Spinal accessory (cranial nerve)
Head and shoulder movement
Hypoglossal (cranial nerve)
,Tongue position
How do we assess olfactory nerve?
Ask patient to identify different mild aromas, such as vanilla, coffee, chocolate, and
cloves.
How do we assess optic nerve?
Ask patient to look at the Snellen chart
How do we assess oculomotor nerve?
Assess pupil reaction to penlight
Assess directions of gaze by holding your finger 18 inches from patients face.
Ask patient to follow your finger up and down and side to side.
How do we assess trocochlear nerve?
Assess directions of gaze. Test with cranial nerve 3.
How do we assess trigeminal nerve?
Lightly touch cotton swab to the lateral sclera of the eye to elicit blink.
Measure sensation of touch and pain on the face using cotton wisp.
How do we assess abducens nerve?
Assess direction of gaze. Test with cranial nerve 3.
How do we assess facial nerve?
Ask patient to smile, frown, and raise eyebrows.
Ask patient to identify different tastes on tip and sides of tongue; sugar (sweet), salt,
and lemon juice (sour)
How do we assess vestibulocochlear nerve?
Assess ability to hear spoken word
, How do we assess glossopharyngeal nerve?
Ask patient to identify different tastes on the back of the tongue as above.
Place a tongue blade on posterior tongue while patient says "ah" to elicit a gag
response.
Ask patient to move tongue up and down and side to side.
How do we assess vagus nerve?
Assess with cranial nerve 9 by observing palate and pharynx move as patient says "ah"
How do we assess spinal accessory nerve?
Ask patient to turn head side to side and shrug shoulders against resistance from
examiner's hand
How do we assess hypoglossal nerve?
Ask patient to stick out tongue to midline; then move it side to side
What eye exam is used for cranial nerves 3, 4, and 6?
PERRLA
What does PERRLA stand for?
Pupils
Equal size (range 3-7 mm)
Round shape
React to light
Light is direct or consensual
Accommodation (close: converge and constrict) (distance: straight & dilate)
What tests are used for cranial nerve 8?
