ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY
WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST 2024 –
2025 ALREADY GRADED A+
what he did - ANSWERS-1938-current
statistician who pioneered the theory of epidemiological study design and causal
inference
sir austin bradford hill
year
what he did - ANSWERS-1897-1991
pioneered randomized clinical trial
doll and hill
,year
what it was - ANSWERS-1951-2001
first cohort study looking at association of smoking and lung cancer
controversial because everyone did it
joseph L fleiss
year
what he did - ANSWERS-1937-2003
developed measure of inter-reliability, kappa
Framingham heart study
year
what it was
where it was
who did it involve - ANSWERS-1948 started
,prospective cohort study design to look at cardiovascular disease study in
Framingham MA
in Framingham because people stayed there for generations with a variety of
occupations
to identify predisposed factors to heart disease
before the study it was just believed to be inevitable with age
airborne transmission - ANSWERS-transfer of bacteria or viruses on dust particles
or on small respiratory droplets that may become aerosolized when individuals
sneeze, cough, laugh, or exhale
-allows organisms that are capable of surviving for long periods of time outside
the body and are resistant to drying to enter the upper and lower respiratory
tract
-diseases capable of airborne transmissions include : influenza, polio, whooping
cough, pneumonia, tb
analytic epidemiology - ANSWERS-study that involves answering the questions:
why and how
-addressed using hypotheses about relationships and statistical tests for assessing
the hypotheses
-involves a comparison group
, active carrier - ANSWERS-individual who has been exposed to and harbors ad
disease-causing organism (pathogen) and who has done so for some time, even
though they may have recovered from the disease
active primary prevention - ANSWERS-behavior change on the part of the
individual that prevents a disease or disorder before it happens
ex: being vaccinated, wearing seat belt, etc
agent - ANSWERS-something capable of producing an effect; the cause of the
disease
biological transmission - ANSWERS-transfer of a pathogen to a susceptible host by
a vector, with the pathogen undergoing reproduction, developmental changes, or
both while in the vector
carrier - ANSWERS-an infected person or animal that contains, spreads, or harbors
an infectious organism
case - ANSWERS-a person who has been diagnosed with a health-related state or
event