Pathophysiology Cardiac EAQ EXAM TEST
(QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS) 2024/2025
An infant has tricuspid atresia. How should the nurse interpret this finding?
(CORRECT ANSWER) the tricuspid valve didn't develop
Patent ductus arteriosus is a failure of which connections to close during the first few
weeks of an infant's life?
1 Pulmonary artery and aorta
2 Pulmonary vein and left atrium
3 Subclavian vein and right atrium
4 Femoral artery and popliteal artery (CORRECT ANSWER) Pulmonary artery and
aorta
A child has hypertension with no identified cause. Which type of hypertension should
the nurse report that the client has to the oncoming shift? (CORRECT ANSWER)
primary
Which defect is characterized by abnormal localized narrowing of the aorta?
1
Aortic stenosis
2
Pulmonic stenosis
3
Coarctation of the aorta
4
Patent ductus arteriosus (CORRECT ANSWER) Coarctation of the aorta
A nurse is caring for a newborn with tetralogy of Fallot. What does the nurse keep in
mind while conducting an assessment on this patient?
1. The child will grow out of this deformity by adolescence.
2. Children with this deformity will be normal on the growth chart.
3. The child may present with a slightly blue appearance as a normal color.
4. Children with this deformity have more temper tantrums than other children.
(CORRECT ANSWER) The child may present with a slightly blue appearance as a
normal color
Which condition is associated with a loud, harsh systolic ejection murmur?
1. Aortic stenosis
2. coarctation of the aorta
3, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
4. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (CORRECT ANSWER) aortic
stenosis
A nurse is taking the history of an 18-year-old. Which finding will alert the nurse to an
increased risk for hypertension?
1. Smokes
,2. Exercises
3. Weight loss
4. Appropriate diet (CORRECT ANSWER) smokes
Which congenital heart defect is a premature newborn prone to have?
1. Pulmonary stenosis
2. Supravalvular aortic stenosis
3. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
4. Transposition of the great vessels (CORRECT ANSWER) Paten ductus
arteriosus
Which term should the nurse use to describe the artery connecting the aorta and
pulmonary artery during fetal circulation?
1. Sinus venosus
2. Ostium primum
3. Ductus arteriosus
4. Perimembranous (CORRECT ANSWER) ductus arteriosus
A nurse is teaching about the risk factors for congenital heart disease (CHD). Which
information should the nurse include?
1. Wilms tumor
2. Hypocalcemia
3. Postmature birth
4. Maternal diabetes mellitus (CORRECT ANSWER) maternal diabetes mellitus
Which defect is more commonly seen in Asian patients than in other populations?
1. tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
2. Kawasaki disease (KD)
3. Ventricular septal defect
4. Atrioventricular canal defec (CORRECT ANSWER) Kawasaki disease
Which defect is associated with increased pulmonary blood flow?
1
Tricuspid atresia
2
Tetralogy of Fallot
3
Patent ductus arteriosus
4
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (CORRECT ANSWER) patent ductus
Which defect results in a single vessel exiting the heart?
1
Truncus arteriosus
2
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)
3
Transposition of the great vessels (TGV)
4
, Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC (CORRECT ANSWER)
truncus arteriosus
A parent of a child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome asks the nurse what the
advantage is for a heart transplant. How should the nurse reply?
1
Improved survival rates.
2
Immunosuppression is decreased.
3
Risk of organ rejection is not a problem.
4
Availability of transplantable hearts is good. (CORRECT ANSWER) improved
survival rates
Which defect is characterized by the pulmonary artery leaving the left ventricle and
the aorta exiting the right ventricle?
1
Atrioventricular canal defect
2
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
3
Transposition of the great arteries
4
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (CORRECT ANSWER)
Transposition of the great arteries
Which acquired cardiovascular disorder causes desquamation of the palms and
soles?
1
Kawasaki disease
2
Systemic hypertension
3
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
4
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (CORRECT ANSWER) kawasaki
disease
While planning care for a child with transposition of the great arteries (TGA), which
defect should the nurse remember?
1
The pulmonary artery leaves the right atria, and the aorta exits the left atria.
2
The pulmonary artery leaves the left ventricle, and the aorta exits the right atria.
3
The pulmonary artery leaves the right atria, and the aorta exits the left ventricle.
4
(QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS) 2024/2025
An infant has tricuspid atresia. How should the nurse interpret this finding?
(CORRECT ANSWER) the tricuspid valve didn't develop
Patent ductus arteriosus is a failure of which connections to close during the first few
weeks of an infant's life?
1 Pulmonary artery and aorta
2 Pulmonary vein and left atrium
3 Subclavian vein and right atrium
4 Femoral artery and popliteal artery (CORRECT ANSWER) Pulmonary artery and
aorta
A child has hypertension with no identified cause. Which type of hypertension should
the nurse report that the client has to the oncoming shift? (CORRECT ANSWER)
primary
Which defect is characterized by abnormal localized narrowing of the aorta?
1
Aortic stenosis
2
Pulmonic stenosis
3
Coarctation of the aorta
4
Patent ductus arteriosus (CORRECT ANSWER) Coarctation of the aorta
A nurse is caring for a newborn with tetralogy of Fallot. What does the nurse keep in
mind while conducting an assessment on this patient?
1. The child will grow out of this deformity by adolescence.
2. Children with this deformity will be normal on the growth chart.
3. The child may present with a slightly blue appearance as a normal color.
4. Children with this deformity have more temper tantrums than other children.
(CORRECT ANSWER) The child may present with a slightly blue appearance as a
normal color
Which condition is associated with a loud, harsh systolic ejection murmur?
1. Aortic stenosis
2. coarctation of the aorta
3, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
4. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (CORRECT ANSWER) aortic
stenosis
A nurse is taking the history of an 18-year-old. Which finding will alert the nurse to an
increased risk for hypertension?
1. Smokes
,2. Exercises
3. Weight loss
4. Appropriate diet (CORRECT ANSWER) smokes
Which congenital heart defect is a premature newborn prone to have?
1. Pulmonary stenosis
2. Supravalvular aortic stenosis
3. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
4. Transposition of the great vessels (CORRECT ANSWER) Paten ductus
arteriosus
Which term should the nurse use to describe the artery connecting the aorta and
pulmonary artery during fetal circulation?
1. Sinus venosus
2. Ostium primum
3. Ductus arteriosus
4. Perimembranous (CORRECT ANSWER) ductus arteriosus
A nurse is teaching about the risk factors for congenital heart disease (CHD). Which
information should the nurse include?
1. Wilms tumor
2. Hypocalcemia
3. Postmature birth
4. Maternal diabetes mellitus (CORRECT ANSWER) maternal diabetes mellitus
Which defect is more commonly seen in Asian patients than in other populations?
1. tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
2. Kawasaki disease (KD)
3. Ventricular septal defect
4. Atrioventricular canal defec (CORRECT ANSWER) Kawasaki disease
Which defect is associated with increased pulmonary blood flow?
1
Tricuspid atresia
2
Tetralogy of Fallot
3
Patent ductus arteriosus
4
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (CORRECT ANSWER) patent ductus
Which defect results in a single vessel exiting the heart?
1
Truncus arteriosus
2
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)
3
Transposition of the great vessels (TGV)
4
, Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC (CORRECT ANSWER)
truncus arteriosus
A parent of a child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome asks the nurse what the
advantage is for a heart transplant. How should the nurse reply?
1
Improved survival rates.
2
Immunosuppression is decreased.
3
Risk of organ rejection is not a problem.
4
Availability of transplantable hearts is good. (CORRECT ANSWER) improved
survival rates
Which defect is characterized by the pulmonary artery leaving the left ventricle and
the aorta exiting the right ventricle?
1
Atrioventricular canal defect
2
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
3
Transposition of the great arteries
4
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (CORRECT ANSWER)
Transposition of the great arteries
Which acquired cardiovascular disorder causes desquamation of the palms and
soles?
1
Kawasaki disease
2
Systemic hypertension
3
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
4
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (CORRECT ANSWER) kawasaki
disease
While planning care for a child with transposition of the great arteries (TGA), which
defect should the nurse remember?
1
The pulmonary artery leaves the right atria, and the aorta exits the left atria.
2
The pulmonary artery leaves the left ventricle, and the aorta exits the right atria.
3
The pulmonary artery leaves the right atria, and the aorta exits the left ventricle.
4
