NURS 3010 Exam 2 questions with correct answers
What is the definition of a vitamin? Correct Answer-Defined by two
characteristics: (1) it must be a vital organic substance that is not a
carbohydrate, fat or protein; and it must be necessary to perform a
specific metabolic function or to prevent a deficiency disease. (2) It
cannot be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities to sustain
life, so it must be supplied by the diet.
The DRI's for the B-vitamins are unique in that they are based on energy
needs (or protein needs, as is the case for one of them.....know which
one). Why are the DRI's for B-vitamins based on energy needs? Correct
Answer-Based on protein: Pyridoxine. The DRIs are based on energy
needs because all of the B vitamins interact with the macronutrients and
how they are used. For example: if the body is ingesting more protein,
then the body will require more pyridoxine in order to metabolize the
protein.
What is the function of Retinol Correct Answer-Vitamin A, aids in
vision, growth, tissue strength and immunity. Enables the eye to adjust
to different amounts of light. Involved in skeletal, soft-tissue growth and
stabilization of cell membranes. Help maintain healthy epithelial tissue.
An antioxidant and is important in the production of immune cells.
What is the function of calciferol Correct Answer-Vitamin D, Controls
calcium and phosphorus absorption and metabolism. Stimulates the
intestinal cell reabsorption of Ca and P, the renal reabsorption of Ca and
P and the osteoclastic breakdown of Ca and P from trabecular bone.
,What is the function of tocopherol Correct Answer-Vitamin E, Body's
most abundant fat-soluble antioxidant, protects the polyunsaturated fatty
acids from damage. Reduces the dietary requirements for selenium.
What is the function of phylloquinone Correct Answer-Vitamin K,
Maintains normal blood concentrations of four blood-clotting factors
(essential for blood clotting) and aids in bone development as several
proteins involved in bone metabolism are dependent on vitamin K,
assists in binding calcium, creating bone crystals. Food sources: green
leafy vegetables.
What is the function of ascorbic acid Correct Answer-Vitamin C,
Necessary to build and maintain strong tissues due to its involvement in
collagen synthesis (important for connective tissues). Several enzymes
in metabolism require it for: the conversion of dopamine to
norepinephrine, synthesis of carnitine which is involved in extracting
energy from fatty acids, the oxidation of phenylalanine to tyrosine, the
metabolism of tryptophan and folate, and the maturation of some
bioactive neural and endocrine peptides. It also acts as an antioxidant.
What is the function of thiamin Correct Answer-B1, involved in several
metabolic reactions that provide the body with ATP. Necessary for
healthy function of systems that are in constant action and in need of
energy.
What is the function of riboflavin Correct Answer-B2,Required for
macronutrient metabolism to produce ATP via the Krebs cycle and the
ETC. Involved in many other reactions as well: tryptophan to niacin,
retinal to retinoic and and synthesizing the active form of folate.
, What is the function of Niacin Correct Answer-B3 Metabolism of
macronutrients and plays a role in DNA repair and steroid hormone
synthesis.
What is the function of Pyridoxine Correct Answer-B6, essential role in
protein metabolism and in many cell reactions that involve amino acids.
Participates in amino acid absorption, ATP production, the synthesis of
heme and niacin formation from tryptophan. The only B vitamin that is
actively stored in the muscles.
What is the function of folate Correct Answer-Participates in DNA
synthesis as well as cell division. Involved in the synthesis of glycine
which is required for heme synthesis. Also indirectly participates in gene
expression.
What is the function of Cobalamin Correct Answer-B12, Essential for
DNA synthesis and cell division. Required for heme synthesis and is
involved in the metabolism of fatty acids that have an odd number of
carbon atoms.
What is the function of Pantothenic Acid Correct Answer-Part of
coenzyme A, involved in cellular metabolism, protein acetylation and
protein acylation. It is also involved in the biosynthesis of several
different things.
What is the function of Biotin Correct Answer-Involved in fatty acid
synthesis, inhibits fatty acid breakdown during the hours after starch,
What is the definition of a vitamin? Correct Answer-Defined by two
characteristics: (1) it must be a vital organic substance that is not a
carbohydrate, fat or protein; and it must be necessary to perform a
specific metabolic function or to prevent a deficiency disease. (2) It
cannot be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities to sustain
life, so it must be supplied by the diet.
The DRI's for the B-vitamins are unique in that they are based on energy
needs (or protein needs, as is the case for one of them.....know which
one). Why are the DRI's for B-vitamins based on energy needs? Correct
Answer-Based on protein: Pyridoxine. The DRIs are based on energy
needs because all of the B vitamins interact with the macronutrients and
how they are used. For example: if the body is ingesting more protein,
then the body will require more pyridoxine in order to metabolize the
protein.
What is the function of Retinol Correct Answer-Vitamin A, aids in
vision, growth, tissue strength and immunity. Enables the eye to adjust
to different amounts of light. Involved in skeletal, soft-tissue growth and
stabilization of cell membranes. Help maintain healthy epithelial tissue.
An antioxidant and is important in the production of immune cells.
What is the function of calciferol Correct Answer-Vitamin D, Controls
calcium and phosphorus absorption and metabolism. Stimulates the
intestinal cell reabsorption of Ca and P, the renal reabsorption of Ca and
P and the osteoclastic breakdown of Ca and P from trabecular bone.
,What is the function of tocopherol Correct Answer-Vitamin E, Body's
most abundant fat-soluble antioxidant, protects the polyunsaturated fatty
acids from damage. Reduces the dietary requirements for selenium.
What is the function of phylloquinone Correct Answer-Vitamin K,
Maintains normal blood concentrations of four blood-clotting factors
(essential for blood clotting) and aids in bone development as several
proteins involved in bone metabolism are dependent on vitamin K,
assists in binding calcium, creating bone crystals. Food sources: green
leafy vegetables.
What is the function of ascorbic acid Correct Answer-Vitamin C,
Necessary to build and maintain strong tissues due to its involvement in
collagen synthesis (important for connective tissues). Several enzymes
in metabolism require it for: the conversion of dopamine to
norepinephrine, synthesis of carnitine which is involved in extracting
energy from fatty acids, the oxidation of phenylalanine to tyrosine, the
metabolism of tryptophan and folate, and the maturation of some
bioactive neural and endocrine peptides. It also acts as an antioxidant.
What is the function of thiamin Correct Answer-B1, involved in several
metabolic reactions that provide the body with ATP. Necessary for
healthy function of systems that are in constant action and in need of
energy.
What is the function of riboflavin Correct Answer-B2,Required for
macronutrient metabolism to produce ATP via the Krebs cycle and the
ETC. Involved in many other reactions as well: tryptophan to niacin,
retinal to retinoic and and synthesizing the active form of folate.
, What is the function of Niacin Correct Answer-B3 Metabolism of
macronutrients and plays a role in DNA repair and steroid hormone
synthesis.
What is the function of Pyridoxine Correct Answer-B6, essential role in
protein metabolism and in many cell reactions that involve amino acids.
Participates in amino acid absorption, ATP production, the synthesis of
heme and niacin formation from tryptophan. The only B vitamin that is
actively stored in the muscles.
What is the function of folate Correct Answer-Participates in DNA
synthesis as well as cell division. Involved in the synthesis of glycine
which is required for heme synthesis. Also indirectly participates in gene
expression.
What is the function of Cobalamin Correct Answer-B12, Essential for
DNA synthesis and cell division. Required for heme synthesis and is
involved in the metabolism of fatty acids that have an odd number of
carbon atoms.
What is the function of Pantothenic Acid Correct Answer-Part of
coenzyme A, involved in cellular metabolism, protein acetylation and
protein acylation. It is also involved in the biosynthesis of several
different things.
What is the function of Biotin Correct Answer-Involved in fatty acid
synthesis, inhibits fatty acid breakdown during the hours after starch,
