Name: Score:
258 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 258
60. Which chamber of the heart would first be affected by TS?
This is when the ductus arteriosus does not close within a few days after birth as it should.
The LA will be the first to dilate, afterward LV
VSDs typically cause left-heart volume overload, because the blood shunts into the RV
mainly during systole. It is ejected to the lungs, and then comes back to the LA and LV.
The first (and probably only) chamber to be affected by TS would be the RA.
- enlarged EPSS
- "B-notch" due to the high end-diastolic LV pressure >15 mmHg.
Definition 2 of 258
70. What are the two kinds of aneurysm defined by shape?
Moderate PE, diameter of fluidaccumulation between 1 - 2 cm
Large PE surrounding the wholeheart
Moderate pulmonary hypertension:
,Term 3 of 258
RA Area
2.7 - 3.7 cm
0.6 -1.3 m/s
18 - 58 ml
10 - 20 cm2
Definition 4 of 258
Ostium Primum
Ostium Secundum
Sinus Venosus
74. Define the following terms:
Subvalvular
What other pathologies are sometimes associated with Ostium primum?
85. Name the three types of atrial septal defect (ASD) and tell where each occurs.
32. What are the two main types of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
,Term 5 of 258
Large PE > 2 cm
Term 6 of 258
Normal Valve Velocities
Mitral
at the leaflet tips
0.6 - 1.3 m/s
> 1.5 : 1
0.7 - 1.1 m/s (VTI 20 - 30 cm)
, Term 7 of 258
68. What is carcinoid heart disease? Which valves can be affected? How?
when the systemic systolic blood pressure varies by more than 10 mmHg with respiration.
**Specifically, pressure drops by more than 10 mmHg during inspiration
- occurs when the annulus and papillary muscles get stretched (due to dilation of the LV).
- This makes it so that the valve cannot remain completely closed, which causes functional
regurge.
The baseline study establishes "normal" values for that patient, with that prosthetic valve.
All future measurements will be compared to these.
This occurs when hormones (serotonin, specifically) are created by a cancerous tumor in
the intestines.
Definition 8 of 258
0.3 - 0.7 m/s
Normal Valve Velocities
Tricuspid
Normal Valve Areas
Pulmonic
Normal MV velocity?
29. Give the normal range for peak velocity through the LVOT.
258 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 258
60. Which chamber of the heart would first be affected by TS?
This is when the ductus arteriosus does not close within a few days after birth as it should.
The LA will be the first to dilate, afterward LV
VSDs typically cause left-heart volume overload, because the blood shunts into the RV
mainly during systole. It is ejected to the lungs, and then comes back to the LA and LV.
The first (and probably only) chamber to be affected by TS would be the RA.
- enlarged EPSS
- "B-notch" due to the high end-diastolic LV pressure >15 mmHg.
Definition 2 of 258
70. What are the two kinds of aneurysm defined by shape?
Moderate PE, diameter of fluidaccumulation between 1 - 2 cm
Large PE surrounding the wholeheart
Moderate pulmonary hypertension:
,Term 3 of 258
RA Area
2.7 - 3.7 cm
0.6 -1.3 m/s
18 - 58 ml
10 - 20 cm2
Definition 4 of 258
Ostium Primum
Ostium Secundum
Sinus Venosus
74. Define the following terms:
Subvalvular
What other pathologies are sometimes associated with Ostium primum?
85. Name the three types of atrial septal defect (ASD) and tell where each occurs.
32. What are the two main types of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
,Term 5 of 258
Large PE > 2 cm
Term 6 of 258
Normal Valve Velocities
Mitral
at the leaflet tips
0.6 - 1.3 m/s
> 1.5 : 1
0.7 - 1.1 m/s (VTI 20 - 30 cm)
, Term 7 of 258
68. What is carcinoid heart disease? Which valves can be affected? How?
when the systemic systolic blood pressure varies by more than 10 mmHg with respiration.
**Specifically, pressure drops by more than 10 mmHg during inspiration
- occurs when the annulus and papillary muscles get stretched (due to dilation of the LV).
- This makes it so that the valve cannot remain completely closed, which causes functional
regurge.
The baseline study establishes "normal" values for that patient, with that prosthetic valve.
All future measurements will be compared to these.
This occurs when hormones (serotonin, specifically) are created by a cancerous tumor in
the intestines.
Definition 8 of 258
0.3 - 0.7 m/s
Normal Valve Velocities
Tricuspid
Normal Valve Areas
Pulmonic
Normal MV velocity?
29. Give the normal range for peak velocity through the LVOT.
