Name: Score:
71 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 71
An E.P.S.S. > 2 cm mean_____________________________________
4 pulmonary veins ( upper and lower from each lung).
usually corresponds to normal ejection fraction and normal LV size
often corresponds to dilated LV and E.F. of less than 30%.
They only open or close due to pressure changes on one side or another
,Term 2 of 71
Draw a picture of each M-Mode display, and label the anatomy seen. Also, draw calipers to show
where the various measurements are taken (Aortic Valve)
EDD stands for end-diastolic diameter, while ESD stands for end-systolic
diameter. These are really the same as LVD (d) and LVD (s), respectively. The
values are all cubed, because we're talking about volume.
Normally Between 55-75 percent
IVS = 78 %
SVC= 72 %
CS= 60 % (lowest in the body)
RA= 75% (average of above three)
RV & Pulmonary Art= 75 %
Pulmonary V,LA,LV, & Aorta= 98 %
Circulatory pathway describes the flow of de-oxygenated blood from the
RV to the lungs (Via the Pulmonary arteries). Oxygenated blood then returns
to the LA from the lungs by four pulmonary veins.
starts at the right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, to lungs, pulmonary veins,
,Term 3 of 71
For the AV valves, describe what is included in the valve apparatus. How are the semilunar valves
different?
Stroke volume (SV) is defined as the amount of blood ejected from a chamber of the heart
(usually a ventricle) in one "beat" (contraction). The normal range for this is between 70 and
100 cc.
1. Aorta from LV to body
2. Pulmonary Veins from lungs to LA
3. Pulmonary arteries from RV to Lungs
4. Superior Vena Cava from upper body to RA
5. Interior Vena Cava from Inferior body to RA
1. Annulus
2. Leaflets
3. Chordae tendeneae
4. Papillary muscles
5. Walls of ventricle at origins of papillary muscles
They do not have Chordae Tendeneae or Papillary Muscles attach to it
1. Endocardium:
This is the inner-most layer, which lines all of the chambers and valves of the heart. It is
primarily epithelial tissue.
2. Myocardium:
This is the thick middle layer of the heart wall, made of cardiac muscle.
3. Epicardium:
This is the thin outer layer, which is attached to the visceral layer of the pericardium.
, Term 4 of 71
Define the following terms, and give the normal range for each:
Cardiac Output (CO):
is defined as the total volume of blood in the body at any given time.
is defined as the rate of blood flow through the veins.
is defined as the pressure in the arteries during relaxation.
is defined as the amount of blood ejected from a chamber of the heart (again, usually a
ventricle) per minute.
Term 5 of 71
Name the 4 segments of the aorta as it leaves the LV.
1. Endocardium:
This is the inner-most layer, which lines all of the chambers and valves of the heart. It is
primarily epithelial tissue.
2. Myocardium:
This is the thick middle layer of the heart wall, made of cardiac muscle.
3. Epicardium:
This is the thin outer layer, which is attached to the visceral layer of the pericardium.
1. Trabecular also called muscular extend from mid to apex of left ventricle
2. Membranous also called perimembranous beneath the aortic valve (subaortic)
3. Inlet the part of the septum in between mitral and tricuspid valve
4. Outlet also called subpulmonic or supracristal
1. Aortic annulus
2. Sinus of Valsalva
3. Sino-tubular junction
4. Ascending aorta
The aortic valve leaves the left ventricle, and the pulmonic valve leaves the right ventricle.
71 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 71
An E.P.S.S. > 2 cm mean_____________________________________
4 pulmonary veins ( upper and lower from each lung).
usually corresponds to normal ejection fraction and normal LV size
often corresponds to dilated LV and E.F. of less than 30%.
They only open or close due to pressure changes on one side or another
,Term 2 of 71
Draw a picture of each M-Mode display, and label the anatomy seen. Also, draw calipers to show
where the various measurements are taken (Aortic Valve)
EDD stands for end-diastolic diameter, while ESD stands for end-systolic
diameter. These are really the same as LVD (d) and LVD (s), respectively. The
values are all cubed, because we're talking about volume.
Normally Between 55-75 percent
IVS = 78 %
SVC= 72 %
CS= 60 % (lowest in the body)
RA= 75% (average of above three)
RV & Pulmonary Art= 75 %
Pulmonary V,LA,LV, & Aorta= 98 %
Circulatory pathway describes the flow of de-oxygenated blood from the
RV to the lungs (Via the Pulmonary arteries). Oxygenated blood then returns
to the LA from the lungs by four pulmonary veins.
starts at the right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, to lungs, pulmonary veins,
,Term 3 of 71
For the AV valves, describe what is included in the valve apparatus. How are the semilunar valves
different?
Stroke volume (SV) is defined as the amount of blood ejected from a chamber of the heart
(usually a ventricle) in one "beat" (contraction). The normal range for this is between 70 and
100 cc.
1. Aorta from LV to body
2. Pulmonary Veins from lungs to LA
3. Pulmonary arteries from RV to Lungs
4. Superior Vena Cava from upper body to RA
5. Interior Vena Cava from Inferior body to RA
1. Annulus
2. Leaflets
3. Chordae tendeneae
4. Papillary muscles
5. Walls of ventricle at origins of papillary muscles
They do not have Chordae Tendeneae or Papillary Muscles attach to it
1. Endocardium:
This is the inner-most layer, which lines all of the chambers and valves of the heart. It is
primarily epithelial tissue.
2. Myocardium:
This is the thick middle layer of the heart wall, made of cardiac muscle.
3. Epicardium:
This is the thin outer layer, which is attached to the visceral layer of the pericardium.
, Term 4 of 71
Define the following terms, and give the normal range for each:
Cardiac Output (CO):
is defined as the total volume of blood in the body at any given time.
is defined as the rate of blood flow through the veins.
is defined as the pressure in the arteries during relaxation.
is defined as the amount of blood ejected from a chamber of the heart (again, usually a
ventricle) per minute.
Term 5 of 71
Name the 4 segments of the aorta as it leaves the LV.
1. Endocardium:
This is the inner-most layer, which lines all of the chambers and valves of the heart. It is
primarily epithelial tissue.
2. Myocardium:
This is the thick middle layer of the heart wall, made of cardiac muscle.
3. Epicardium:
This is the thin outer layer, which is attached to the visceral layer of the pericardium.
1. Trabecular also called muscular extend from mid to apex of left ventricle
2. Membranous also called perimembranous beneath the aortic valve (subaortic)
3. Inlet the part of the septum in between mitral and tricuspid valve
4. Outlet also called subpulmonic or supracristal
1. Aortic annulus
2. Sinus of Valsalva
3. Sino-tubular junction
4. Ascending aorta
The aortic valve leaves the left ventricle, and the pulmonic valve leaves the right ventricle.
