Machine cycle
The steps performed by the computer processor for each machine language instruction received. The
machine cycle is a 4 process cycle that includes reading and interpreting the machine language,
executing the code and then storing that code.
Four steps of Machine cycle
1. Fetch - Retrieve an instruction from the memory.
2. Decode - Tranlate the retrieved instruction into a series of computer commands.
3. Execute - Execute the computer commands.
4. Store - Sand and write the results back in memory.
Instruction cycle
The sequence of operations that the cpu has to carry out while execution is called instruction cycle.
1:- Read an Instruction
2:- Decode the instruction
3:- Find the address of operand
4:- retrieve an operand
5:- perform desired operation
6:- find the address of destination
7:- store the result into the destination
Computer processor operation with memory
, PROCESSOR Primary memory
RAM
R
Secondary
Primary memory
memory
ROM H/D
PROCESSOR: responsible for all computations/data execution, it takes/fetches data from RAM onto the
Register and works on it
PRIMARY MEMORY: These are the memory which the computer has direct access to/direct connects to,
we have two Primary memories, RAM and ROM
RAM - holds data and program fetched by processor from secondary memory temporary as it awaits its
immediate use
ROM – the content of ROM is BIOS (Basic Input/output System) program; the program is responsible for
two responsibilities at computer Booting processes /computer start up processes
1. Checks that the computer basic input/output devices are working properly
2. Direct the computer processor on how to load the OS (Operating System)
The operating system is the computer software that manages all computer operations; it gives total
direction to computer processor on how to do all operation. NOTE: The Processor works with the
direction of operating system and when it’s not loaded, the computer processor is primitive (can’t do
anything)
SECONDARY MEMORY: These are the memory which the computer has no direct access to/ connects to
the memories under their responsible memory controllers; we have several secondary memories and
The steps performed by the computer processor for each machine language instruction received. The
machine cycle is a 4 process cycle that includes reading and interpreting the machine language,
executing the code and then storing that code.
Four steps of Machine cycle
1. Fetch - Retrieve an instruction from the memory.
2. Decode - Tranlate the retrieved instruction into a series of computer commands.
3. Execute - Execute the computer commands.
4. Store - Sand and write the results back in memory.
Instruction cycle
The sequence of operations that the cpu has to carry out while execution is called instruction cycle.
1:- Read an Instruction
2:- Decode the instruction
3:- Find the address of operand
4:- retrieve an operand
5:- perform desired operation
6:- find the address of destination
7:- store the result into the destination
Computer processor operation with memory
, PROCESSOR Primary memory
RAM
R
Secondary
Primary memory
memory
ROM H/D
PROCESSOR: responsible for all computations/data execution, it takes/fetches data from RAM onto the
Register and works on it
PRIMARY MEMORY: These are the memory which the computer has direct access to/direct connects to,
we have two Primary memories, RAM and ROM
RAM - holds data and program fetched by processor from secondary memory temporary as it awaits its
immediate use
ROM – the content of ROM is BIOS (Basic Input/output System) program; the program is responsible for
two responsibilities at computer Booting processes /computer start up processes
1. Checks that the computer basic input/output devices are working properly
2. Direct the computer processor on how to load the OS (Operating System)
The operating system is the computer software that manages all computer operations; it gives total
direction to computer processor on how to do all operation. NOTE: The Processor works with the
direction of operating system and when it’s not loaded, the computer processor is primitive (can’t do
anything)
SECONDARY MEMORY: These are the memory which the computer has no direct access to/ connects to
the memories under their responsible memory controllers; we have several secondary memories and
