NAS2 CHALLENGE EXAM
FLASHCARDS
Matter
Anything that has weight and takes up space
Element
pure substance with a specific number of protons
Most important elements for life
Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sodium,
Phosphorus
Atom
Smallest stable unit of matter
Atomic Number
number of protons: distinguishing characteristic between
elements
Ion
A charged atom
Cation
A positively charged ion
Anion
A negatively charged ion
Molecule
two or more bonded atoms - can be the same atoms or
different
Compound
Different atoms held together by chemical bonds i.e
glucose C6H12O6
,ionic bond
ongoing, close association between ions of opposite
charge
covalent bond
molecules formed by this bond share electrons in a
mutually stabilizing relationship
hydrogen bond
this bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom
already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example,
the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another
electronegative atom from another molecule
order of atomic bond strength
ionic, covalent, hydrogen
(strongest to weakest)
Proton
subatomic particle that is equivalent to a hydrogen cation
Polar Covalent Bond
electrons are not shared equally
Non Polar Covalent Bond
equal sharing of electrons
Hydrophobic Interaction
Water molecules repel molecules with nonpolar covalent
bonds
Solution
A homogenous mixture that forms when one solvent
dissolves a solute
Universal Solvent
water
inorganic compound
A compound that does not contain the element carbon or
contains carbon bound to elements other than hydrogen.
, organic compound
a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen
water dissociation reaction
when one water molecule donates its proton to another
molecule
properties of water
cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense
than liquid, specific heat, lubricant/cushion
acid
A substance that releases hydrogen ions and increases
the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
base
A substance that releases hydroxyl ions (OH-) in solution,
or one that accepts H+ already present in solution.
Decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
pH scale
scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the
concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is
acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic.
Each level is 10x higher than the previous, a substance
with pH4 is ten times more acidic than a substance with
pH5
buffer
A solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base. Can
neutralize small amounts of acids or bases in body fluids.
energy
the force that causes displacement of matter (movement)
kinetic energy
the form of energy powering any type of matter in motion
potential energy
FLASHCARDS
Matter
Anything that has weight and takes up space
Element
pure substance with a specific number of protons
Most important elements for life
Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sodium,
Phosphorus
Atom
Smallest stable unit of matter
Atomic Number
number of protons: distinguishing characteristic between
elements
Ion
A charged atom
Cation
A positively charged ion
Anion
A negatively charged ion
Molecule
two or more bonded atoms - can be the same atoms or
different
Compound
Different atoms held together by chemical bonds i.e
glucose C6H12O6
,ionic bond
ongoing, close association between ions of opposite
charge
covalent bond
molecules formed by this bond share electrons in a
mutually stabilizing relationship
hydrogen bond
this bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom
already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example,
the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another
electronegative atom from another molecule
order of atomic bond strength
ionic, covalent, hydrogen
(strongest to weakest)
Proton
subatomic particle that is equivalent to a hydrogen cation
Polar Covalent Bond
electrons are not shared equally
Non Polar Covalent Bond
equal sharing of electrons
Hydrophobic Interaction
Water molecules repel molecules with nonpolar covalent
bonds
Solution
A homogenous mixture that forms when one solvent
dissolves a solute
Universal Solvent
water
inorganic compound
A compound that does not contain the element carbon or
contains carbon bound to elements other than hydrogen.
, organic compound
a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen
water dissociation reaction
when one water molecule donates its proton to another
molecule
properties of water
cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense
than liquid, specific heat, lubricant/cushion
acid
A substance that releases hydrogen ions and increases
the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
base
A substance that releases hydroxyl ions (OH-) in solution,
or one that accepts H+ already present in solution.
Decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
pH scale
scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the
concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is
acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic.
Each level is 10x higher than the previous, a substance
with pH4 is ten times more acidic than a substance with
pH5
buffer
A solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base. Can
neutralize small amounts of acids or bases in body fluids.
energy
the force that causes displacement of matter (movement)
kinetic energy
the form of energy powering any type of matter in motion
potential energy
