AQA-7181-2-PSYCHOLOGY FINAL MARK SCHEME PAPER 2:Psychology in context-AS LEVEL-Jun24-v1.0

AQA-7181-2-PSYCHOLOGY FINAL MARK SCHEME PAPER 2:Psychology in context-AS LEVEL-Jun24-v1.0. Section A Approaches in Psychology 0 1 Outline the emergence of psychology as a science. [4 marks] Marks for this question: AO1 = 4 Level Marks Description 2 3–4 There is a clear outline of the emergence of psychology as a science with some accurate detail. The answer is generally coherent with effective use of appropriate terminology. 1 1–2 There is limited or partial outline of the emergence of psychology as a science. The answer lacks coherence and use of appropriate terminology. 0 No relevant content. Possible content: • in 1879 Wundt opened a laboratory designated to the scientific study of psychological enquiry under controlled conditions facilitating accurate measurements and replication • in the early 1900s behaviourism emerged where researchers such as Watson and Skinner conducted controlled experiments on observable and thus objective behaviour • in the 1950s the cognitive approach legitimised the study of the mind using controlled experiments. Cognitive psychologists used concrete computer models to help explain mental processes • in the 1980s the biological approach used controlled measures like fMRIs to study observable behaviours and to objectively measure physiological processes as they happen. Advances in technology also allowed genetic testing to investigate the relationship between genes and behaviour. Full credit can be awarded for a description of Wundt's contributions to the emergence of psychology as a science. Credit other relevant content. 000004 Page 4 of 15 PSYCHOLOGY MARK SCHEME – AS PSYCHOLOGY – 7181/2 – JUNE 2024 5 0 2 Describe how Bandura investigated social learning. [4 marks] Marks for this question: AO1 = 4 Level Marks Description 2 3–4 There is a clear description of how Bandura investigated social learning with some accurate detail. The answer is generally coherent with effective use of appropriate terminology. 1 1–2 There is limited or partial description of how Bandura investigated social learning. The answer lacks coherence and use of appropriate terminology. 0 No relevant content. Possible content: • children were matched on pre-existing aggression levels and allocated into either the aggressive model condition, the non-aggressive model condition or the control group (no model) • in the aggressive model condition, the children observed an adult hitting a bobo doll with a hammer and being verbally abusive towards it • in the non-aggressive model condition, the children observed an adult playing quietly and ignoring the bobo doll • the children were then placed into a room for 20 minutes which contained various toys including the bobo doll • observations of the children’s behaviour were made through a one-way mirror every 5 seconds. Credit other relevant content, for example variations on the original study. 0 3 Briefly explain one limitation of the way Bandura investigated social learning. [2 marks] Marks for this question: AO3 = 2 2 marks for a clear and coherent explanation of one limitation explicitly linked to Bandura’s studies. 1 mark for a muddled or limited explanation of one possible limitation. Possible content: • artificial – there was no interaction between the child and model, the child and model were strangers, the bobo doll was unfamiliar, imitations were immediate etc • demand characteristics – the children may have thought that they were expected to strike the bobo doll • ethics – possible harm to children who were exposed to the aggressive model • problems with generalisability – children all from Stanford University nursery, all aged 3-6 etc. Credit other relevant limitations. 000005 Page 5 of 15 PSYCHOLOGY MARK SCHEME – AS PSYCHOLOGY – 7181/2 – JUNE 2024 6 0 4 Outline one role of schema according to the cognitive approach. [2 marks] Marks for this question: AO1 = 2 2 marks for a clear and coherent outline of one role of schema according to the cognitive approach. 1 mark for a muddled or limited outline of one role of schema according to the cognitive approach. Possible content: • schema help us predict what will happen in our world based on previous experiences • schema enable us to process vast amounts of information rapidly • schema prevent us from becoming overwhelmed by environmental stimuli. Credit other relevant content. 0 5 Figure 1 shows a typical motor neuron. Four components of the motor neuron are labelled A, B, C and D. Using the letters given in Figure 1, correctly identify the components of the motor neuron in the table below. [4 marks] Marks for this question: AO1 = 4 Award 1 mark for each of the following: Component A Cell body/soma B Dendrites C Node of Ranvier/axon D Terminal button/presynaptic terminal/axon terminal