WGU D311 Microbiology 2024 Study For
OA Questions With Answers.
What is a characteristic of rhizospheres? - ANSWER- The rhizosphere is where plants
release organic compounds that can be metabolized by microbes into soil.
Which environment would contain microbes that are psychrophilic? - ANSWER-
Glaciers
What is the role of nematodes in soil? - ANSWER- They photosynthesize and fix
nitrogen.
Which eukaryote is responsible for producing antibiotics to ward off bacterial
competitors? - ANSWER- Fungi
Which symbiotic relationship is an example of mutualism? - ANSWER- The relationship
between humans and the Escherichia coli colonizing the human gut
Which type of symbiotic relationship exists between the Escherichia coli (E. coli) that
inhabit the human gut and the humans who utilize the vitamin K produced by E. coli? -
ANSWER- Mutualism
Which description of resident microbiota is true? - ANSWER- Resident microbiota
constantly live on the human body.
Which relationship is exhibited by intestinal Escherichia coli and their human host? -
ANSWER- Mutualism
Which type of disease is transmitted from animals to humans? - ANSWER- Zoonotic
diseases
Which type of disease is acquired in hospital settings? - ANSWER- Nosocomial
diseases
Which portal of exit can expel the most viral particles? - ANSWER- Respiratory
Which type of disease is sickle cell anemia? - ANSWER- Noninfectious
Which type of transmission occurs when tuberculosis is spread through small particles
expelled by a cough? - ANSWER- Droplet transmission
Which type of transmission occurs when pathogens are spread from mother to child
during breastfeeding? - ANSWER- Vertical direct contact transmission
,Which type of transmission occurs when an arthropod carries a viral pathogen inside of
its body? - ANSWER- Biological vector transmission
Which type of transmission occurs through contact with a fomite? - ANSWER- Indirect
contact transmission
Which infected host would be considered a passive carrier? - ANSWER- A healthcare
professional who does not wash their hands after seeing an infected patient
How is Giardia lamblia, the causative agent of giardiasis, transmitted? - ANSWER-
Contaminated food or water
Which organism is the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii? - ANSWER- Birds
Which disease is transmitted by animals but not arthropods? - ANSWER- Rabies
How can adhesins be described? - ANSWER- Adhesins found on the surface of
pathogens bind to receptors of host cells.
Which description indicates a portal of entry? - ANSWER- Body features through which
pathogens can enter host tissue
Pathogens produce proteins to prevent the fusion of the phagosome and the lysosome
(phagolysosome).Why does this virulence factor facilitate invasion? - ANSWER- It
prevents the exposure of pathogens to lethal digestive enzymes.
Which action refers to a secondary infection? - ANSWER- An infection by one pathogen
enables another pathogen to cause an infection.
What differentiates signs from symptoms of disease? - ANSWER- Signs are
measurable; symptoms are subjective.
Which procedure does a clinician use to measure a symptom? - ANSWER- Asking
patients to rate pain on a numerical scale
During which stage of an infection does a patient feel the worst? - ANSWER- The
period of illness stage
What defines the end of the incubation period for an infectious disease? - ANSWER-
The appearance of nonspecific signs or symptoms of disease
How does the epidermis help prevent infection and disease? - ANSWER- It provides a
harsh environment for most pathogens and periodically sheds
, How does the complement system contribute to the innate immune response? -
ANSWER- It is composed of proteins that can be activated by the presence of
pathogens to form the membrane attack complex (MAC).
Why are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) considered an innate immune function? -
ANSWER- AMPs are produced both routinely and as a response to pathogens.
Which terms refer to monocytes when they differentiate into tissue-specific phagocytes?
- ANSWER- Macrophages and dendritic cells
What is specifically being reported if the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
reports 10,000 new cases of COVID-19? - ANSWER- Incidence
What is the difference between prevalence and incidence? - ANSWER- Prevalence
refers to the total number of infections; incidence refers only to new cases.
Which term refers to a disease that occurs on a worldwide scale at a given time? -
ANSWER- Pandemic
Why are etiologic agents significant to epidemiologists? - ANSWER- Etiologic agents
are the pathogens that cause disease.
Which kind of diseases must be reported to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention in order to prevent future pandemics? - ANSWER- Notifiable diseases
How does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) obtain the latest data
on typical illnesses to publish in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)? -
ANSWER- Through mandatory reporting of notifiable disease cases by healthcare
providers
What can cause an infectious disease to become a reemerging disease? - ANSWER-
The responsible pathogen becomes drug resistant.
What does the World Health Organization (WHO) do to prevent future pandemics? -
ANSWER- The WHO maintains a global alert and response system from data from
multiple countries.
A patient taking the antibiotic cephalexin for a urinary tract infection developed severe
diarrhea two days after completing the five-day course of treatment.
What is an explanation for the development of this patient's diarrhea? - ANSWER-
Cephalexin disrupted the normal intestinal microbiome.
Store-bought, packaged soil used to promote rapid plant growth was accidentally
irradiated, thus killing the bacteria that had been in the soil.
Which impact would this have on farmers? - ANSWER- Plants would die due to a lack
of absorbable forms of nitrogen and phosphorus.
OA Questions With Answers.
What is a characteristic of rhizospheres? - ANSWER- The rhizosphere is where plants
release organic compounds that can be metabolized by microbes into soil.
Which environment would contain microbes that are psychrophilic? - ANSWER-
Glaciers
What is the role of nematodes in soil? - ANSWER- They photosynthesize and fix
nitrogen.
Which eukaryote is responsible for producing antibiotics to ward off bacterial
competitors? - ANSWER- Fungi
Which symbiotic relationship is an example of mutualism? - ANSWER- The relationship
between humans and the Escherichia coli colonizing the human gut
Which type of symbiotic relationship exists between the Escherichia coli (E. coli) that
inhabit the human gut and the humans who utilize the vitamin K produced by E. coli? -
ANSWER- Mutualism
Which description of resident microbiota is true? - ANSWER- Resident microbiota
constantly live on the human body.
Which relationship is exhibited by intestinal Escherichia coli and their human host? -
ANSWER- Mutualism
Which type of disease is transmitted from animals to humans? - ANSWER- Zoonotic
diseases
Which type of disease is acquired in hospital settings? - ANSWER- Nosocomial
diseases
Which portal of exit can expel the most viral particles? - ANSWER- Respiratory
Which type of disease is sickle cell anemia? - ANSWER- Noninfectious
Which type of transmission occurs when tuberculosis is spread through small particles
expelled by a cough? - ANSWER- Droplet transmission
Which type of transmission occurs when pathogens are spread from mother to child
during breastfeeding? - ANSWER- Vertical direct contact transmission
,Which type of transmission occurs when an arthropod carries a viral pathogen inside of
its body? - ANSWER- Biological vector transmission
Which type of transmission occurs through contact with a fomite? - ANSWER- Indirect
contact transmission
Which infected host would be considered a passive carrier? - ANSWER- A healthcare
professional who does not wash their hands after seeing an infected patient
How is Giardia lamblia, the causative agent of giardiasis, transmitted? - ANSWER-
Contaminated food or water
Which organism is the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii? - ANSWER- Birds
Which disease is transmitted by animals but not arthropods? - ANSWER- Rabies
How can adhesins be described? - ANSWER- Adhesins found on the surface of
pathogens bind to receptors of host cells.
Which description indicates a portal of entry? - ANSWER- Body features through which
pathogens can enter host tissue
Pathogens produce proteins to prevent the fusion of the phagosome and the lysosome
(phagolysosome).Why does this virulence factor facilitate invasion? - ANSWER- It
prevents the exposure of pathogens to lethal digestive enzymes.
Which action refers to a secondary infection? - ANSWER- An infection by one pathogen
enables another pathogen to cause an infection.
What differentiates signs from symptoms of disease? - ANSWER- Signs are
measurable; symptoms are subjective.
Which procedure does a clinician use to measure a symptom? - ANSWER- Asking
patients to rate pain on a numerical scale
During which stage of an infection does a patient feel the worst? - ANSWER- The
period of illness stage
What defines the end of the incubation period for an infectious disease? - ANSWER-
The appearance of nonspecific signs or symptoms of disease
How does the epidermis help prevent infection and disease? - ANSWER- It provides a
harsh environment for most pathogens and periodically sheds
, How does the complement system contribute to the innate immune response? -
ANSWER- It is composed of proteins that can be activated by the presence of
pathogens to form the membrane attack complex (MAC).
Why are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) considered an innate immune function? -
ANSWER- AMPs are produced both routinely and as a response to pathogens.
Which terms refer to monocytes when they differentiate into tissue-specific phagocytes?
- ANSWER- Macrophages and dendritic cells
What is specifically being reported if the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
reports 10,000 new cases of COVID-19? - ANSWER- Incidence
What is the difference between prevalence and incidence? - ANSWER- Prevalence
refers to the total number of infections; incidence refers only to new cases.
Which term refers to a disease that occurs on a worldwide scale at a given time? -
ANSWER- Pandemic
Why are etiologic agents significant to epidemiologists? - ANSWER- Etiologic agents
are the pathogens that cause disease.
Which kind of diseases must be reported to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention in order to prevent future pandemics? - ANSWER- Notifiable diseases
How does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) obtain the latest data
on typical illnesses to publish in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)? -
ANSWER- Through mandatory reporting of notifiable disease cases by healthcare
providers
What can cause an infectious disease to become a reemerging disease? - ANSWER-
The responsible pathogen becomes drug resistant.
What does the World Health Organization (WHO) do to prevent future pandemics? -
ANSWER- The WHO maintains a global alert and response system from data from
multiple countries.
A patient taking the antibiotic cephalexin for a urinary tract infection developed severe
diarrhea two days after completing the five-day course of treatment.
What is an explanation for the development of this patient's diarrhea? - ANSWER-
Cephalexin disrupted the normal intestinal microbiome.
Store-bought, packaged soil used to promote rapid plant growth was accidentally
irradiated, thus killing the bacteria that had been in the soil.
Which impact would this have on farmers? - ANSWER- Plants would die due to a lack
of absorbable forms of nitrogen and phosphorus.
