WGU D311 Micro Section 1 Questions
With Answers.
What are characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells "Bacteria" - ANSWER- Single celled, do
not have nucleus, mitochondria or chloroplast, multiple shapes (coccus, bacillus, vibrio,
etc) found in pairs, clusters or chains
What are characteristics of Eukaryotic cells "animal and plant cells" - ANSWER- Have a
nucleus, have membrane bound organelles, single celled or multicellular, larger than
prokaryotes, linear histone wrapped chromosomes
Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - ANSWER- All plants and animal
cells (protozoans , algae, fungi) are Eukaryotic.
bacteria and archaea are Prokaryotic
Structures if Eukaryotic: nucleus, membrane organelles in the cytoplasm ( mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysomes, and peroxisomes held in place by the
cytoskeleton. Flagella (whip like/flexible) and cilla
Structures of Prokaryotic: cell membrane, chromosomal dna that is in nucleotide,
ribosomes, and cell wall. Flagella (stiff/rotating) pilli, fimbriae and capsules
Bacteria - ANSWER- Found in every habitat on earth, prokaryotic, cell walls have
peptidoglycan and described by shape (coccus, bacillus, spirillum, spirochete or vibrio)
Protists - ANSWER- A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal,
plant, or fungus.
Fungi - ANSWER- Eukaryotic, lives by decomposing and absorbing nutrients. Not
photosynthetic and has cell wall made of chitin
Helminths - ANSWER- multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or
flukes
ex: Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis)
Viruses - ANSWER- Acellular, consists of proteins and genetic material (dna/rna) never
both
Bacterial Structures "prokaryotic" - ANSWER- Nucleoid, ribosomes, endospores,
plasma membrane, cell wall, peptidoglycan, flagella, fimbriae, pilli
Nucleoid of Bacteria - ANSWER- central area in a prokaryotic cell that contains genetic
information, not surrounded by a membrane
, Ribosomes of Bacteria - ANSWER- site of protein synthesis. 70S composed of two
subunits (30S small and 50S large and are composed of protein and rRNA components
Endospores of bacteria - ANSWER- form around DNA when stressed, protect until
conditions are good
Plasma membrane in bacteria - ANSWER- phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
that defines the boundary of the cell
Cell wall of bacteria - ANSWER- made of peptidoglycan and help maintain shape and
withstand changes in osmotic pressure
Peptidoglycan of bacteria - ANSWER- is part of the cell wall.
is made of sugars and proteins.
Flagella of bacteria - ANSWER- acts as a propeller to move the cell. Stiff, rotating
structure.
Fimbriae of bacteria - ANSWER- hairlike bristles that allow adhesion to surfaces
Pili of bacteria - ANSWER- Appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other and
to transfer DNA
Chemotaxis - ANSWER- Directional movt from a call in response to chemical attraction
Phototaxis - ANSWER- movement in response to light using flagella
Bacterium "runs" - ANSWER- Movt of bacteria counterclockwise flagellar rotation
Bacteria "tumbles" - ANSWER- Random movt of bacterial cell by clockwise flagellar
rotation
vegetative cell - ANSWER- metabolically active and growing and does not contain
endospores. Sensitive to extreme temps and radiation, gram positive, normal water
content
Endospores - ANSWER- A thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial
cell and resists harsh conditions (extreme temps and radiation) does not absorb gram
stain. No growth
Why is sporulation important for bacteria - ANSWER- Protects bacteria agaisnt
degrading agents, unfavorable growth and nutrient depletion
What are 6 steps of sporulation process - ANSWER- DNA replicates, membranes form
around dna, forespore forms additional membranes, protective cortex forms around the
spore, protein coat forms around the cortex and spore is released
With Answers.
What are characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells "Bacteria" - ANSWER- Single celled, do
not have nucleus, mitochondria or chloroplast, multiple shapes (coccus, bacillus, vibrio,
etc) found in pairs, clusters or chains
What are characteristics of Eukaryotic cells "animal and plant cells" - ANSWER- Have a
nucleus, have membrane bound organelles, single celled or multicellular, larger than
prokaryotes, linear histone wrapped chromosomes
Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - ANSWER- All plants and animal
cells (protozoans , algae, fungi) are Eukaryotic.
bacteria and archaea are Prokaryotic
Structures if Eukaryotic: nucleus, membrane organelles in the cytoplasm ( mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysomes, and peroxisomes held in place by the
cytoskeleton. Flagella (whip like/flexible) and cilla
Structures of Prokaryotic: cell membrane, chromosomal dna that is in nucleotide,
ribosomes, and cell wall. Flagella (stiff/rotating) pilli, fimbriae and capsules
Bacteria - ANSWER- Found in every habitat on earth, prokaryotic, cell walls have
peptidoglycan and described by shape (coccus, bacillus, spirillum, spirochete or vibrio)
Protists - ANSWER- A eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as an animal,
plant, or fungus.
Fungi - ANSWER- Eukaryotic, lives by decomposing and absorbing nutrients. Not
photosynthetic and has cell wall made of chitin
Helminths - ANSWER- multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or
flukes
ex: Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis)
Viruses - ANSWER- Acellular, consists of proteins and genetic material (dna/rna) never
both
Bacterial Structures "prokaryotic" - ANSWER- Nucleoid, ribosomes, endospores,
plasma membrane, cell wall, peptidoglycan, flagella, fimbriae, pilli
Nucleoid of Bacteria - ANSWER- central area in a prokaryotic cell that contains genetic
information, not surrounded by a membrane
, Ribosomes of Bacteria - ANSWER- site of protein synthesis. 70S composed of two
subunits (30S small and 50S large and are composed of protein and rRNA components
Endospores of bacteria - ANSWER- form around DNA when stressed, protect until
conditions are good
Plasma membrane in bacteria - ANSWER- phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
that defines the boundary of the cell
Cell wall of bacteria - ANSWER- made of peptidoglycan and help maintain shape and
withstand changes in osmotic pressure
Peptidoglycan of bacteria - ANSWER- is part of the cell wall.
is made of sugars and proteins.
Flagella of bacteria - ANSWER- acts as a propeller to move the cell. Stiff, rotating
structure.
Fimbriae of bacteria - ANSWER- hairlike bristles that allow adhesion to surfaces
Pili of bacteria - ANSWER- Appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other and
to transfer DNA
Chemotaxis - ANSWER- Directional movt from a call in response to chemical attraction
Phototaxis - ANSWER- movement in response to light using flagella
Bacterium "runs" - ANSWER- Movt of bacteria counterclockwise flagellar rotation
Bacteria "tumbles" - ANSWER- Random movt of bacterial cell by clockwise flagellar
rotation
vegetative cell - ANSWER- metabolically active and growing and does not contain
endospores. Sensitive to extreme temps and radiation, gram positive, normal water
content
Endospores - ANSWER- A thick-walled protective spore that forms inside a bacterial
cell and resists harsh conditions (extreme temps and radiation) does not absorb gram
stain. No growth
Why is sporulation important for bacteria - ANSWER- Protects bacteria agaisnt
degrading agents, unfavorable growth and nutrient depletion
What are 6 steps of sporulation process - ANSWER- DNA replicates, membranes form
around dna, forespore forms additional membranes, protective cortex forms around the
spore, protein coat forms around the cortex and spore is released
