Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam 1
Questions With Answers.
function of mitochondria - ANSWER- ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of
the cell
Rough ER - ANSWER- That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with
ribosomes.
Smooth ER - ANSWER- That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of
ribosomes.
Homeostasis - ANSWER- A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state;
the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a
particular level
Hypertrophy - ANSWER- increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
atrophy - ANSWER- the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive
decline or failure; to waste away
Ischemia - ANSWER- an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body,
especially the heart muscles.
S/S of Objective Data - ANSWER- Any observations made by using your senses (pts.
blood pressure, physical findings, and lab values)
S/S of Subjective Data - ANSWER- Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels
(pain)
Epinephrine - ANSWER- Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response
to stress. Also known as adrenaline.
Renin - ANSWER- hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by
influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
What causes edema? - ANSWER- -reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
Signs and symptoms of fluid excess - ANSWER- edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing),
hyptertension (high bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
, Signs and symptoms of dehydration - ANSWER- Dry mucous membranes, decreased
skin turgor, Low BP, Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function,
confusion, and loss of consciousness
S/S of hypocalcemia - ANSWER- - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff
inflation)
- seizures
Osmosis - ANSWER- Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion - ANSWER- Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration.
active transport - ANSWER- Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
Effect of hypertonic solution - ANSWER- cell shrinks and can die
effect of a hypotonic solution - ANSWER- cell swells and can burst
active immunity - ANSWER- A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its
own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
passive immunity - ANSWER- An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies,
but rather receives them directly from another source, such as mother to infant through
breast milk
Examples of active immunity - ANSWER- natural infection, vaccines,
Examples of passive immunity - ANSWER- IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing
placenta, antitoxin, humanized monoclonal antibody
acquired immunity - ANSWER- Immunity that is present only after exposure and is
highly specific.
examples of acquired immunity - ANSWER- 1) having the infection 2) vaccination
innate immunity - ANSWER- Immunity that is present before exposure and effective
from birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
Examples of innate immunity - ANSWER- skin, hair, cilia, mucus membranes, digestive
enzymes, stomach acidity, inflammatory response, fever, inflammation
Questions With Answers.
function of mitochondria - ANSWER- ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of
the cell
Rough ER - ANSWER- That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with
ribosomes.
Smooth ER - ANSWER- That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of
ribosomes.
Homeostasis - ANSWER- A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state;
the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a
particular level
Hypertrophy - ANSWER- increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
atrophy - ANSWER- the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive
decline or failure; to waste away
Ischemia - ANSWER- an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body,
especially the heart muscles.
S/S of Objective Data - ANSWER- Any observations made by using your senses (pts.
blood pressure, physical findings, and lab values)
S/S of Subjective Data - ANSWER- Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels
(pain)
Epinephrine - ANSWER- Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response
to stress. Also known as adrenaline.
Renin - ANSWER- hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by
influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
What causes edema? - ANSWER- -reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
Signs and symptoms of fluid excess - ANSWER- edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing),
hyptertension (high bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
, Signs and symptoms of dehydration - ANSWER- Dry mucous membranes, decreased
skin turgor, Low BP, Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function,
confusion, and loss of consciousness
S/S of hypocalcemia - ANSWER- - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff
inflation)
- seizures
Osmosis - ANSWER- Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion - ANSWER- Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration.
active transport - ANSWER- Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
Effect of hypertonic solution - ANSWER- cell shrinks and can die
effect of a hypotonic solution - ANSWER- cell swells and can burst
active immunity - ANSWER- A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its
own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
passive immunity - ANSWER- An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies,
but rather receives them directly from another source, such as mother to infant through
breast milk
Examples of active immunity - ANSWER- natural infection, vaccines,
Examples of passive immunity - ANSWER- IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing
placenta, antitoxin, humanized monoclonal antibody
acquired immunity - ANSWER- Immunity that is present only after exposure and is
highly specific.
examples of acquired immunity - ANSWER- 1) having the infection 2) vaccination
innate immunity - ANSWER- Immunity that is present before exposure and effective
from birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
Examples of innate immunity - ANSWER- skin, hair, cilia, mucus membranes, digestive
enzymes, stomach acidity, inflammatory response, fever, inflammation
