Pathophysiology Exam 1 Rasmussen
Questions With Correct Answers.
Pathophysiology - ANSWER- The study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of
living beings
Etiology - ANSWER- The study of the causes and origins of disease
Pathogenesis - ANSWER- Development or evolution of a disease
Allostasis - ANSWER- Ability to achieve stability through change
Allostatic load - ANSWER- The long-term negative impact of the stress response on the
body
Allostatic overload - ANSWER- Over activation of adaptive systems -Highly
individualized
Primary level of prevention - ANSWER- Altering susceptibility; reducing exposure for
susceptible persons
Examples of primary level of prevention - ANSWER- Ex- Immunization, health/sex ed,
quit smoking drinking or poor diet.
Secondary level of prevention - ANSWER- Conduction activities that help prevent a
worsening health status by detection or management of diseases
Examples of secondary level of prevention - ANSWER- Self breast exams, yearly
cancer screenings, proper management of diabetes
Changes with flight or fight reaction - ANSWER- o HR, impulse speed and contractility
of heart- increases
o Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle to dilate airway
o BP increases
o Dilates pupils
o Promotes arousal, attention, and vigilance
3 stages of adaptation (GAS) - ANSWER- Alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of
exhaustion
Alarm stage - ANSWER- fight or flight response
reduced resistance to stressors
, release catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) and adrenocortical steroids
(cortisol and aldosterone)
Resistance stage - ANSWER- trying to return to homeostasis
Exhaustion stage - ANSWER- cannot return to homeostasis, energy sources depleted,
disease process sets in and permanent symptoms show up.
Function of Mitochondria - ANSWER- o Cellular respiration, makes ATP.
o Powerhouse of the cell
·Difference between Osmosis and Diffusion - ANSWER- One is the diffusion of water
and the other is the movement of any type of molecule across the cell membrane from a
high to low concentration.
·Isotonic Solution - ANSWER- The concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside
the cell so water moves across the membrane in both directions maintaining cell size
Sensible water loss - ANSWER- water loss through typical routes like urination or
defecation
Insensible water loss - ANSWER- Loss of water from the body that is not noticeable
such as from the skin or lungs
·Extracellular Fluid Deficit - ANSWER- Loss of total body sodium-Vomiting, diarrhea,
excessive sweating, burns, diuretics or kidney failure.
Dehydration S/S - ANSWER- hard stools, sudden weight loss, rapid pulse, oliguria,
prolonged capillary refill time, decreased skin turgor, dry mouth, absence of sweat and
tears, confusion, lethargy, thirst
Hyponatremia S/S - ANSWER- Hyperactive bowel sounds, Weakness, Lethargy,
Confusion, Muscle cramps, Twitching, Seizures, Coma, Death
Hyperkalemia S/S - ANSWER- Mild cramping, hyperactive bowel sounds, diarrhea,
muscle weakness starting in lower extremities and ascends, Bradycardia, Hypotension,
Dysrhythmias, Tall T waves on ECG, Cardiac arrest
Hypokalemia S/S - ANSWER- Altered muscle function and weakness, muscle
cramping, Abdominal distention, bloating, diminished bowels sounds, constipation,
Dysrhythmias, Flat T waves on ECG, hyper polarization leads to less reactive to stimuli,
postural hypo tension
Electrolytes - ANSWER- serves as bone reservoir
Potassium - ANSWER- Maintain heart and muscle contraction
Questions With Correct Answers.
Pathophysiology - ANSWER- The study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of
living beings
Etiology - ANSWER- The study of the causes and origins of disease
Pathogenesis - ANSWER- Development or evolution of a disease
Allostasis - ANSWER- Ability to achieve stability through change
Allostatic load - ANSWER- The long-term negative impact of the stress response on the
body
Allostatic overload - ANSWER- Over activation of adaptive systems -Highly
individualized
Primary level of prevention - ANSWER- Altering susceptibility; reducing exposure for
susceptible persons
Examples of primary level of prevention - ANSWER- Ex- Immunization, health/sex ed,
quit smoking drinking or poor diet.
Secondary level of prevention - ANSWER- Conduction activities that help prevent a
worsening health status by detection or management of diseases
Examples of secondary level of prevention - ANSWER- Self breast exams, yearly
cancer screenings, proper management of diabetes
Changes with flight or fight reaction - ANSWER- o HR, impulse speed and contractility
of heart- increases
o Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle to dilate airway
o BP increases
o Dilates pupils
o Promotes arousal, attention, and vigilance
3 stages of adaptation (GAS) - ANSWER- Alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of
exhaustion
Alarm stage - ANSWER- fight or flight response
reduced resistance to stressors
, release catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) and adrenocortical steroids
(cortisol and aldosterone)
Resistance stage - ANSWER- trying to return to homeostasis
Exhaustion stage - ANSWER- cannot return to homeostasis, energy sources depleted,
disease process sets in and permanent symptoms show up.
Function of Mitochondria - ANSWER- o Cellular respiration, makes ATP.
o Powerhouse of the cell
·Difference between Osmosis and Diffusion - ANSWER- One is the diffusion of water
and the other is the movement of any type of molecule across the cell membrane from a
high to low concentration.
·Isotonic Solution - ANSWER- The concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside
the cell so water moves across the membrane in both directions maintaining cell size
Sensible water loss - ANSWER- water loss through typical routes like urination or
defecation
Insensible water loss - ANSWER- Loss of water from the body that is not noticeable
such as from the skin or lungs
·Extracellular Fluid Deficit - ANSWER- Loss of total body sodium-Vomiting, diarrhea,
excessive sweating, burns, diuretics or kidney failure.
Dehydration S/S - ANSWER- hard stools, sudden weight loss, rapid pulse, oliguria,
prolonged capillary refill time, decreased skin turgor, dry mouth, absence of sweat and
tears, confusion, lethargy, thirst
Hyponatremia S/S - ANSWER- Hyperactive bowel sounds, Weakness, Lethargy,
Confusion, Muscle cramps, Twitching, Seizures, Coma, Death
Hyperkalemia S/S - ANSWER- Mild cramping, hyperactive bowel sounds, diarrhea,
muscle weakness starting in lower extremities and ascends, Bradycardia, Hypotension,
Dysrhythmias, Tall T waves on ECG, Cardiac arrest
Hypokalemia S/S - ANSWER- Altered muscle function and weakness, muscle
cramping, Abdominal distention, bloating, diminished bowels sounds, constipation,
Dysrhythmias, Flat T waves on ECG, hyper polarization leads to less reactive to stimuli,
postural hypo tension
Electrolytes - ANSWER- serves as bone reservoir
Potassium - ANSWER- Maintain heart and muscle contraction
