ESS 345 CHAPTER 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
What is ATP, how is it formed, and how does it provide energy during
metabolism?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy phosphate compound from which the
body derives its energy. Carbohydrates, fats, and protein allow energy to be delivered to
synthesize ATP. ATP captures chemical energy obtained by the breakdown of the three
substrates and releases fuel to other cellular processes.
ATP+water+ATPase->ADP+Pi+energy
What is the primary substrate used to provide energy at rest? During high-
intensity exercise?
At rest= More fat
Short-term exercise= More carbohydrates
Long-duration exercise= Fat and Carbohydrates
What is the role of PCr in energy production, and what are its limitations?
Describe the relationship between muscle ATP and PCr during sprint exercise.
Phosphocreatine (PCr, or creatine phosphate) regenerates ATP to maintain a relatively
constant supply under resting conditions. Creatine kinase separates Pi from creatine
which adds to ADP to create ATP avoiding ATP depletion. The limitations for PCr are
, very rapid and don't need oxygen to be completed.
-Decreased ATP(Increased ADP)= Increased Creatine Kinase
-Increased ATP(Decreased ADP)= Decreased Creatine Kinase
During sprinting, ATP is maintained at a constant level but PCr declines steadily to
replenish ATP. At exhaustion, both ATP and PCr are low and unable to provide further
energy for muscle contraction and relaxation.
Describe the essential characteristic of the three energy systems.
ATP-PCr
Anaerobic (no O2 required)
Substrate: Phosphocreatine (PCr)
Location: Sarcoplasm/Cytoplasm
Duration:~3-15 sec in maximal exercise
ATP yield: 1 ATP from 1 PCr
Glycolysis
Anaerobic (no O2 required)
Substrate: Glucose or glycogen
Location: Sarcoplasm/Cytoplasm
Duration: 15 sec to 90 sec (2 min)
End product: Pyruvic acid (pyruvate)
ATP yield: 2 ATP from glucose
3 ATP from glycogen
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
What is ATP, how is it formed, and how does it provide energy during
metabolism?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy phosphate compound from which the
body derives its energy. Carbohydrates, fats, and protein allow energy to be delivered to
synthesize ATP. ATP captures chemical energy obtained by the breakdown of the three
substrates and releases fuel to other cellular processes.
ATP+water+ATPase->ADP+Pi+energy
What is the primary substrate used to provide energy at rest? During high-
intensity exercise?
At rest= More fat
Short-term exercise= More carbohydrates
Long-duration exercise= Fat and Carbohydrates
What is the role of PCr in energy production, and what are its limitations?
Describe the relationship between muscle ATP and PCr during sprint exercise.
Phosphocreatine (PCr, or creatine phosphate) regenerates ATP to maintain a relatively
constant supply under resting conditions. Creatine kinase separates Pi from creatine
which adds to ADP to create ATP avoiding ATP depletion. The limitations for PCr are
, very rapid and don't need oxygen to be completed.
-Decreased ATP(Increased ADP)= Increased Creatine Kinase
-Increased ATP(Decreased ADP)= Decreased Creatine Kinase
During sprinting, ATP is maintained at a constant level but PCr declines steadily to
replenish ATP. At exhaustion, both ATP and PCr are low and unable to provide further
energy for muscle contraction and relaxation.
Describe the essential characteristic of the three energy systems.
ATP-PCr
Anaerobic (no O2 required)
Substrate: Phosphocreatine (PCr)
Location: Sarcoplasm/Cytoplasm
Duration:~3-15 sec in maximal exercise
ATP yield: 1 ATP from 1 PCr
Glycolysis
Anaerobic (no O2 required)
Substrate: Glucose or glycogen
Location: Sarcoplasm/Cytoplasm
Duration: 15 sec to 90 sec (2 min)
End product: Pyruvic acid (pyruvate)
ATP yield: 2 ATP from glucose
3 ATP from glycogen
