ESS 345: MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
A motor unit refers to
a. a single motor neuron plus all of the muscle fibers it innervates
b. a single muscle fiber plus all of the motor neurons that innervate it.
c. all of the motor neuron supplying a single muscle.
d. a pair of antagonist muscles
a. a single motor neuron plus all of the muscle fibers it innervates.
Twitch Summation is
a. is a means by which gradation of muscle contraction may be accomplished.
b. results from increasing the number of motor units that are firing within a muscle.
c. results from increasing the frequency at which motor units are firing within a muscle.
d. a and b are correct
e. a and c are correct
e. a and c are correct
If you wanted to pick up something heavier than your pencil (such as your book), you would need to
have a strong muscle contraction. In what way might you accomplish this?
a. Stimulate more motor units.
,b. Decrease the frequency of stimulation to allow a more prolonged contraction to occur.
c. Block acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction to allow acetylcholine to function.
d. None of the above is correct.
a. Stimulate more motor units.
If you want to hold a very heavy dumbbell to show your friends how strong you are, you want to
select the best joint angle.
a. where muscle length is optimal
b. where energy supply is optimal
c. where leverage is maximal
d. a and b
e. a and c
e. a and c
The (____) is the basic unit of contraction in skeletal muscle.
Sacromere
Myofibril is (____) of muscle fiber
components
At rest, (____) is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and released by actin potential to bind to (____)
for muscle contraction
CA2+, troponin
At the end of contraction phase, myosin bound (___) which (____) the cross-bridges.
, ATP, break
At rest cross bridge interaction between actin and myosin in skeletal muscle is directly blocked by
(____)
tropomyosin
When the myosin head pulls the thin filament toward the center of the sarcomere, the tilting action of
the head is called (___)
a power stroke
Type (___) fibers are typically engaged during short, higher intensity exercise that involves some
degree of endurance.
11a
Type (___) fibers are not very easily stimulated by the nervous system, meaning that they typically are
not engaged until all other fiber types have been stimulated first.
11x
When maximal force is produced, type (___) fibers are used.
1, 11x, and type 11a
Which process is a transition from glycolysis to the Krebs cycle?
a. Acetyl CoA formation
b. Conversion of PGAL to PGA
c. Regenerative of reduced NAD+
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
A motor unit refers to
a. a single motor neuron plus all of the muscle fibers it innervates
b. a single muscle fiber plus all of the motor neurons that innervate it.
c. all of the motor neuron supplying a single muscle.
d. a pair of antagonist muscles
a. a single motor neuron plus all of the muscle fibers it innervates.
Twitch Summation is
a. is a means by which gradation of muscle contraction may be accomplished.
b. results from increasing the number of motor units that are firing within a muscle.
c. results from increasing the frequency at which motor units are firing within a muscle.
d. a and b are correct
e. a and c are correct
e. a and c are correct
If you wanted to pick up something heavier than your pencil (such as your book), you would need to
have a strong muscle contraction. In what way might you accomplish this?
a. Stimulate more motor units.
,b. Decrease the frequency of stimulation to allow a more prolonged contraction to occur.
c. Block acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction to allow acetylcholine to function.
d. None of the above is correct.
a. Stimulate more motor units.
If you want to hold a very heavy dumbbell to show your friends how strong you are, you want to
select the best joint angle.
a. where muscle length is optimal
b. where energy supply is optimal
c. where leverage is maximal
d. a and b
e. a and c
e. a and c
The (____) is the basic unit of contraction in skeletal muscle.
Sacromere
Myofibril is (____) of muscle fiber
components
At rest, (____) is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and released by actin potential to bind to (____)
for muscle contraction
CA2+, troponin
At the end of contraction phase, myosin bound (___) which (____) the cross-bridges.
, ATP, break
At rest cross bridge interaction between actin and myosin in skeletal muscle is directly blocked by
(____)
tropomyosin
When the myosin head pulls the thin filament toward the center of the sarcomere, the tilting action of
the head is called (___)
a power stroke
Type (___) fibers are typically engaged during short, higher intensity exercise that involves some
degree of endurance.
11a
Type (___) fibers are not very easily stimulated by the nervous system, meaning that they typically are
not engaged until all other fiber types have been stimulated first.
11x
When maximal force is produced, type (___) fibers are used.
1, 11x, and type 11a
Which process is a transition from glycolysis to the Krebs cycle?
a. Acetyl CoA formation
b. Conversion of PGAL to PGA
c. Regenerative of reduced NAD+
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
