ESS 345: CHAPTER 4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
What type of communication is the nervous system?
Electrical
What type of communication is the endocrine sytsem?
chemical
What system is slower but longer lasting than the nervous sytstem?
Endocrine
Endocrine System
Maintains homeostasis via hormones
controls and regulates cell and organ activity
Acts on target cells
Monitors internal environment
How does the endocrine system maintain homeostasis during exercise?
Controls substrate metabolism
Regulates fluid and electrolyte balance
Endocrine
messenger that acts on cells faraway using the circulatory system
Paracrine
, acts on nearby cells
Autocrine
acts on the same cell type
Fat-soluble Hormone
- Travel bound to a protein
- Blood measurements often miss this
- Free testosterone = <2% of total
The effect of a hormone depends on...
- Concentration released
- Receptor number
- Sensitivity of the receptor
Steroid Hormones
Derived from cholesterol
Lipid soluble (diffuse through membranes)
Four major glands that steroid hormones are secreted through
- Adrenal cortex (cortisol, aldosterone)
- Ovaries (estrogen, progesterone)
- Testes (testosterone)
- Placenta (estrogen, progesterone)
Nonsteroid Hormones
Not lipid soluble (can't cross membranes)
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
What type of communication is the nervous system?
Electrical
What type of communication is the endocrine sytsem?
chemical
What system is slower but longer lasting than the nervous sytstem?
Endocrine
Endocrine System
Maintains homeostasis via hormones
controls and regulates cell and organ activity
Acts on target cells
Monitors internal environment
How does the endocrine system maintain homeostasis during exercise?
Controls substrate metabolism
Regulates fluid and electrolyte balance
Endocrine
messenger that acts on cells faraway using the circulatory system
Paracrine
, acts on nearby cells
Autocrine
acts on the same cell type
Fat-soluble Hormone
- Travel bound to a protein
- Blood measurements often miss this
- Free testosterone = <2% of total
The effect of a hormone depends on...
- Concentration released
- Receptor number
- Sensitivity of the receptor
Steroid Hormones
Derived from cholesterol
Lipid soluble (diffuse through membranes)
Four major glands that steroid hormones are secreted through
- Adrenal cortex (cortisol, aldosterone)
- Ovaries (estrogen, progesterone)
- Testes (testosterone)
- Placenta (estrogen, progesterone)
Nonsteroid Hormones
Not lipid soluble (can't cross membranes)
