ESS 345 EX PHYS FINAL EXAM (SHORT ANSWERS)
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
explain the difference between strength and power.
strength - the maximal force that muscle or muscle group can generate; how much force is produced
power - the rate of performing work; force X speed
what is anaerobic power?
anaerobic power is oxygen-independent. it is the rate of energy release by oxygen-independent
metabolic processes and the max capacity of anaerobic systems to produce ATP
list the five (5) general principles of training and briefly explain each with your own words.
1) individuality - each individual person will respond differently to each workout; high responders and
low responders
2) specificity - each goal should be specific and the training specific to that goal, not generic
3) reversibility - there's training and detraining; hypertrophy and atrophy; "use it or lose it"
4) overload - the intensity needs to gradually increase instead of a steady maintained intensity
5) variation - (periodization) keep the training challenging by making systematic changes with one or
more variables
, what are the anatomical differences between concentric cardiac hypertrophy and eccentric cardiac
hypertrophy?
eccentric cardiac hypertrophy has a volume loading effect and the EDV increases which leads to SV to
increase. this is caused by the ventricular chamber size to increase. larger chamber size = more
ventricular filling
concentric cardiac hypertrophy has an afterload effect and the EDV decreases which leads to SV to
decrease. this is caused by heart size (muscle mass) to increase, not chamber size. thicker walls =
increased contractility
what are the steps leading to concentric cardiac hypertrophy?
concentric cardiac hypertrophy is associated with resistance training and an afterload effect. resistance
training causes the BP to rise above the normal BP which increases the afterload. the resistance of the
blood on the ventricles causes the walls to be thicker to overcome the afterload. this also leads to the
EDV and SV to decrease. repeated exposure to increased afterload, from resistance training, results in
the whole heart increasing in size
what are the steps leading to eccentric cardiac hypertrophy?
eccentric cardiac hypertrophy is associated with endurance training and a volume loading effect. volume
loading occurs because of training-induced plasma volume. during endurance training, the active
muscles need oxygen intake; therefore, there is more blood distribution to those working muscles. that
increases the blood plasma volume because there is less RBC in the blood. when the plasma volume
increases, the ventricular dimensions increase. additionally, the EDV and pre-load is increased. when
there is a need for oxygen to working muscles, the heart will work harder to increase the total blood
volume throughout the body
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
explain the difference between strength and power.
strength - the maximal force that muscle or muscle group can generate; how much force is produced
power - the rate of performing work; force X speed
what is anaerobic power?
anaerobic power is oxygen-independent. it is the rate of energy release by oxygen-independent
metabolic processes and the max capacity of anaerobic systems to produce ATP
list the five (5) general principles of training and briefly explain each with your own words.
1) individuality - each individual person will respond differently to each workout; high responders and
low responders
2) specificity - each goal should be specific and the training specific to that goal, not generic
3) reversibility - there's training and detraining; hypertrophy and atrophy; "use it or lose it"
4) overload - the intensity needs to gradually increase instead of a steady maintained intensity
5) variation - (periodization) keep the training challenging by making systematic changes with one or
more variables
, what are the anatomical differences between concentric cardiac hypertrophy and eccentric cardiac
hypertrophy?
eccentric cardiac hypertrophy has a volume loading effect and the EDV increases which leads to SV to
increase. this is caused by the ventricular chamber size to increase. larger chamber size = more
ventricular filling
concentric cardiac hypertrophy has an afterload effect and the EDV decreases which leads to SV to
decrease. this is caused by heart size (muscle mass) to increase, not chamber size. thicker walls =
increased contractility
what are the steps leading to concentric cardiac hypertrophy?
concentric cardiac hypertrophy is associated with resistance training and an afterload effect. resistance
training causes the BP to rise above the normal BP which increases the afterload. the resistance of the
blood on the ventricles causes the walls to be thicker to overcome the afterload. this also leads to the
EDV and SV to decrease. repeated exposure to increased afterload, from resistance training, results in
the whole heart increasing in size
what are the steps leading to eccentric cardiac hypertrophy?
eccentric cardiac hypertrophy is associated with endurance training and a volume loading effect. volume
loading occurs because of training-induced plasma volume. during endurance training, the active
muscles need oxygen intake; therefore, there is more blood distribution to those working muscles. that
increases the blood plasma volume because there is less RBC in the blood. when the plasma volume
increases, the ventricular dimensions increase. additionally, the EDV and pre-load is increased. when
there is a need for oxygen to working muscles, the heart will work harder to increase the total blood
volume throughout the body
