Comprehensive Exam, REAL
QUESTIONS WITH 100% Correct
Detailed Answers With Rationale 2025.
2. What is typically done to reduce the possibility of selection biases?
a. Choose the sample from a population that is believed to be very
similar
b. Control for the similarity of experimental participants
c. Use random assignment to place participants into differents
experimental condition
d. Add a control group to the experiment - ANSWER- C Use random assignment to
place participants into differents experimental condition
Professor Pine constructed 2 different short history tests by randomly drawing questions
from the huge pool of all possible questions about the current material. He has created
a. randomly parallel tests.
b. a large sample size.
c. systematic errors.
d. attenuation effects - ANSWER- A Randomly Parallel Tests
1. Internal validity is best defined as:
a. The extent to which rival hypotheses can explain the findings of an
experiment
b. The extent to which an experiment rules out alternative explanation of
the findings
c. The extent to which the findings are thought to be true of the current
experiment
d. The extent to which the findings can be applied to similar groups of
people - ANSWER- b. The extent to which an experiment rules out alternative
explanation of
the findings
3. External validity is mostly concerned with:
a. The accuracy of experimental hypotheses
b. The importance of applying the findings of experiments to different
samples
c. The generalizability of the findings beyond the setting and sample of
the experiment
d. The validity and appropriateness of using lab research in natural
settings - ANSWER- C The generalizability of the findings beyond the setting and
sample of the experiment
,What is treatment integrity or fidelity?
a. The level or intensity of treatment
b. The extent of which the treatment was conducted as intended
c. The extent to which the treatment is ethical
d. The extent to which the treatment is well specified - ANSWER- B The extent of which
the treatment was conducted as intended
6. Which of the following is not a necessary component of informed consent?
a. Competence
b. Structure
c. Knowledge
d. Volition - ANSWER- B Structure
5. Which of the following is required in justifying the use of deception?
a. The actual purpose is difficult to understand
b. The nature of the research is controversial
c) Less deceptive techniques will not produce the desired effect
d) The deception will be easier for the participant to accept - ANSWER- c) Less
deceptive techniques will not produce the desired effect
7. Methodology can be thought of as:
a. A thought process
b. Unimportant if a study reports important findings
c. Problem solving
d. Both a and c - ANSWER- D Both a and c
8. In inferential statistics the object is usually to generalize from a ______ to a ______.
a. data; variable
b. sample; population
c. population; sample
d. constant; variability - ANSWER- B sample; population
9. Y can be most accurately predicted from X if the correlation between X and Y is
________.
a. 0.80
b. 0.00
c. 0.45
d. -0.98 - ANSWER- d. -0.98
10. Which of the following is (are) not correlation coefficients?
a. Pearson r
b. eta
c. rho
d. chi square - ANSWER- d. chi square
11. If the distribution is symmetrical, which is the best measure of central tendency?
,a. mode
b. median
c. mean
d. variance - ANSWER- c. mean
12. When the relation between X and Y is imperfect, the prediction of Y given X
is_______
a. perfect
b. always equal to Y
c. impossible to determine
d. approximate - ANSWER- d. approximate
13. When predicting Y, adding a second predictor variable to the first predictor variable
X, will______________
a. always increase prediction accuracy
b. increase prediction accuracy depending on the relationship between
the second predictor variable and X
c. increase prediction accuracy depending on the relationship between
the second predictor variable and Y
d. b and c - ANSWER- d. b and c
14. An alpha level of 0.05 indicates that _________
a. if HO is true, the probability of falsely rejecting it is limited to 0.05
b. 95% of the time, chance is operating
c. the probability of a Type II error is 0.05
d. the probability of a correct decision is 0.05 - ANSWER- c. the probability of a Type II
error is 0.05
15. If you reject the null hypothesis, you may be making___________
a. a Type II error
b. a Type I error
c. a correct decision
d. b and c
According to teacher this is an invalid question and all could be right - ANSWER- D
16. The advantage of a powerful experiment is that _________
a. the probability of a Type I Error is reduced
b. you are more likely to detect the real effects of the independent variable, if there are
any
c. as power increase, alpha increases
d. as power increases, N increases - ANSWER- b. you are more likely to detect the real
effects of the independent variable, if there are any
17. As the df increases, the t distribution___________
a. gets more symmetrical
b. approaches the normal distribution
, c. stays the same
d. becomes more skewed - ANSWER- b. approaches the normal distribution
18. Data analysis involving statistical inference basically involves _________________
a. determining the standard deviation of the scores
b. calculating the appropriate statistic
c. evaluating the statistic based on the sampling distribution
d. b and c - ANSWER- d. b and c
19. One employs a correlated groups design___________
a. to eliminate random error
b. to simplify calculations
c. for prediction
d. to reduce the effects of individual differences among subjects - ANSWER- d. to
reduce the effects of individual differences among subjects
20. If a test is a robust test,
a. it is sensitive to its underlying mathematical assumptions
b. it doesn't estimate any population parameters
c. it is insensitive to its underlying mathematical assumptions
d. b and c - ANSWER- c. it is insensitive to its underlying mathematical assumptions
21. As the differences between the group means increases, ____________
a. sB2 increases
b. Fobt decreases
c. tobt decreases
d. none of the above - ANSWER- D
22. When analyzing data from experiments that involve more than two
groups___________
a. doing t tests on all possible pairs of means decreases the probability of making Type
I errors
b. doing t tests on all possible pairs of means increases as the probability of making
Type I errors
c. it is generally permissible to do t tests between all possible pairs of means and use
Student's t distribution
d. doing t tests on all possible pairs of means increases the probability of making Type II
errors - ANSWER- b. doing t tests on all possible pairs of means increases as the
probability of making a Type I errors
23. The one-way ANOVA partitions the total variability into ___________
a. SSw and SSb
b. SSw and SSt
c. SSB and SSt
d. none of the above - ANSWER- d. none of the above
QUESTIONS WITH 100% Correct
Detailed Answers With Rationale 2025.
2. What is typically done to reduce the possibility of selection biases?
a. Choose the sample from a population that is believed to be very
similar
b. Control for the similarity of experimental participants
c. Use random assignment to place participants into differents
experimental condition
d. Add a control group to the experiment - ANSWER- C Use random assignment to
place participants into differents experimental condition
Professor Pine constructed 2 different short history tests by randomly drawing questions
from the huge pool of all possible questions about the current material. He has created
a. randomly parallel tests.
b. a large sample size.
c. systematic errors.
d. attenuation effects - ANSWER- A Randomly Parallel Tests
1. Internal validity is best defined as:
a. The extent to which rival hypotheses can explain the findings of an
experiment
b. The extent to which an experiment rules out alternative explanation of
the findings
c. The extent to which the findings are thought to be true of the current
experiment
d. The extent to which the findings can be applied to similar groups of
people - ANSWER- b. The extent to which an experiment rules out alternative
explanation of
the findings
3. External validity is mostly concerned with:
a. The accuracy of experimental hypotheses
b. The importance of applying the findings of experiments to different
samples
c. The generalizability of the findings beyond the setting and sample of
the experiment
d. The validity and appropriateness of using lab research in natural
settings - ANSWER- C The generalizability of the findings beyond the setting and
sample of the experiment
,What is treatment integrity or fidelity?
a. The level or intensity of treatment
b. The extent of which the treatment was conducted as intended
c. The extent to which the treatment is ethical
d. The extent to which the treatment is well specified - ANSWER- B The extent of which
the treatment was conducted as intended
6. Which of the following is not a necessary component of informed consent?
a. Competence
b. Structure
c. Knowledge
d. Volition - ANSWER- B Structure
5. Which of the following is required in justifying the use of deception?
a. The actual purpose is difficult to understand
b. The nature of the research is controversial
c) Less deceptive techniques will not produce the desired effect
d) The deception will be easier for the participant to accept - ANSWER- c) Less
deceptive techniques will not produce the desired effect
7. Methodology can be thought of as:
a. A thought process
b. Unimportant if a study reports important findings
c. Problem solving
d. Both a and c - ANSWER- D Both a and c
8. In inferential statistics the object is usually to generalize from a ______ to a ______.
a. data; variable
b. sample; population
c. population; sample
d. constant; variability - ANSWER- B sample; population
9. Y can be most accurately predicted from X if the correlation between X and Y is
________.
a. 0.80
b. 0.00
c. 0.45
d. -0.98 - ANSWER- d. -0.98
10. Which of the following is (are) not correlation coefficients?
a. Pearson r
b. eta
c. rho
d. chi square - ANSWER- d. chi square
11. If the distribution is symmetrical, which is the best measure of central tendency?
,a. mode
b. median
c. mean
d. variance - ANSWER- c. mean
12. When the relation between X and Y is imperfect, the prediction of Y given X
is_______
a. perfect
b. always equal to Y
c. impossible to determine
d. approximate - ANSWER- d. approximate
13. When predicting Y, adding a second predictor variable to the first predictor variable
X, will______________
a. always increase prediction accuracy
b. increase prediction accuracy depending on the relationship between
the second predictor variable and X
c. increase prediction accuracy depending on the relationship between
the second predictor variable and Y
d. b and c - ANSWER- d. b and c
14. An alpha level of 0.05 indicates that _________
a. if HO is true, the probability of falsely rejecting it is limited to 0.05
b. 95% of the time, chance is operating
c. the probability of a Type II error is 0.05
d. the probability of a correct decision is 0.05 - ANSWER- c. the probability of a Type II
error is 0.05
15. If you reject the null hypothesis, you may be making___________
a. a Type II error
b. a Type I error
c. a correct decision
d. b and c
According to teacher this is an invalid question and all could be right - ANSWER- D
16. The advantage of a powerful experiment is that _________
a. the probability of a Type I Error is reduced
b. you are more likely to detect the real effects of the independent variable, if there are
any
c. as power increase, alpha increases
d. as power increases, N increases - ANSWER- b. you are more likely to detect the real
effects of the independent variable, if there are any
17. As the df increases, the t distribution___________
a. gets more symmetrical
b. approaches the normal distribution
, c. stays the same
d. becomes more skewed - ANSWER- b. approaches the normal distribution
18. Data analysis involving statistical inference basically involves _________________
a. determining the standard deviation of the scores
b. calculating the appropriate statistic
c. evaluating the statistic based on the sampling distribution
d. b and c - ANSWER- d. b and c
19. One employs a correlated groups design___________
a. to eliminate random error
b. to simplify calculations
c. for prediction
d. to reduce the effects of individual differences among subjects - ANSWER- d. to
reduce the effects of individual differences among subjects
20. If a test is a robust test,
a. it is sensitive to its underlying mathematical assumptions
b. it doesn't estimate any population parameters
c. it is insensitive to its underlying mathematical assumptions
d. b and c - ANSWER- c. it is insensitive to its underlying mathematical assumptions
21. As the differences between the group means increases, ____________
a. sB2 increases
b. Fobt decreases
c. tobt decreases
d. none of the above - ANSWER- D
22. When analyzing data from experiments that involve more than two
groups___________
a. doing t tests on all possible pairs of means decreases the probability of making Type
I errors
b. doing t tests on all possible pairs of means increases as the probability of making
Type I errors
c. it is generally permissible to do t tests between all possible pairs of means and use
Student's t distribution
d. doing t tests on all possible pairs of means increases the probability of making Type II
errors - ANSWER- b. doing t tests on all possible pairs of means increases as the
probability of making a Type I errors
23. The one-way ANOVA partitions the total variability into ___________
a. SSw and SSb
b. SSw and SSt
c. SSB and SSt
d. none of the above - ANSWER- d. none of the above
