Aging Exam 2 | Questions and Answers Latest update 2025 | 100%
Score
environmental press model - ✔✔Low competence/low demand
Low competence, high E Stress
High competence, high E Stress
Middle - low competence, high E Stress
Middle - high competence, middle E stress
Middle - low competence, mid-low E stress
environments - ✔✔Psychological characteristics
Friendly vs. cold, controlling vs. flexible, clear vs. confusing
Physical characteristics and social environment - can't always compensate or be separated
E.g., poor social climate can override the best of physical environments
social climate - ✔✔Human functioning related to social system
*Optimal arrangement of environments is probably the most powerful intervention for behavior*
Desired social climate can inform the design process
Moos' Sheltered Care Environment Scale (SCES) - ✔✔Relationship dimensions
Cohesion
Conflict
Personal growth dimensions
Independence
Self exploration
,System maintenance and change dimensions
Organization
Resident influence
Physical comfort
person environment interactions - ✔✔Remember the "sweet spot" - when there is enough
ENVIRONMENTAL PRESS and COMPETENCE, residents can thrive. Environmental press is seen through
the social environment, staff personalities, goals of the residence. Competence is seen in the patient;
personality, desires, what they are capable of.
Optimal Environment arrangement is THE MOST POWERFUL INTERVENTION
Stability - ✔✔Stability of dispositional traits- can change a little
neuroticism- declines, extraversion-declines, openness-declines, agreeableness-increases,
conscientiousness-increases- BUT OVERALL THEY ARE ALL QUITE STABLE OVER TIME
mid-life crisis - ✔✔the idea that adults go through an orderly sequence of stages that includes both
crisis and stability- small minority go through this- it's usually related to work or health (not marriage)-
series of losses and gains
mid-life correction - ✔✔re-evaulating one's values, roles and dreams and making the necessary
corrections (usually positive); timing of re-evaluation can vary over many years
Jung's Theory of personality - ✔✔personality changes in adulthood- each part of personality needs to be
in balance with others (introversion--Extroversion; Masculinity--Femininity)
Freud's Theory of Personality - ✔✔after age 5 personality is stable, personality consists of different
stages
Erikson's Theory - ✔✔8 stages and personality changes within those stages
1.Infancy (basic trust vs basic mistrust)
, 2.Early childhood (autonomy vs shame and doubt)
3.Play stage (initiative vs guilt)
4.School age (industry vs inferiority)
5.Adolescence (identity vs identity confusion)
6.Young adulthood (intimacy vs isolation)
7.Adulthood (generativity vs stagnation)
8.Old age (integrity vs despair)
-Erickson believes personality changes over adulthood.
-Each stage represented the interaction of biology and environment
-Sequence of stages is fixed
-Epigenetic Principle: tasks of one stage must be completed in order to be successful in the next stage.
Kotre's Expansion of Generativity - ✔✔+struggle against stagnation (economic changes) that ascends
during adulthood:
Biological and parental: raising kids
Technical: passing specific skills to next generation
Cultural: being a mentor to others
Agentic: be or do something that transcends (go beyond) death
Communal: contributing in interpersonal community activities
-research shows there is growth and development in generativity through adulthood
-Kotre asserts the struggles identified by Erickson are not fought constantly; rather, they probably come
and go.
Loevinger's Theory of ego development - ✔✔Ego development - consists of fundamental changes in the
ways in which thoughts, values, morals, and goals are organized
+Conformist, conscientious-conformist, conscientious, individualistic, autonomous, integrated.
life narratives - ✔✔aspects of personality that pull everything together, those integrative aspects that
give a person an identity or sense of self
"Who am I?"
Score
environmental press model - ✔✔Low competence/low demand
Low competence, high E Stress
High competence, high E Stress
Middle - low competence, high E Stress
Middle - high competence, middle E stress
Middle - low competence, mid-low E stress
environments - ✔✔Psychological characteristics
Friendly vs. cold, controlling vs. flexible, clear vs. confusing
Physical characteristics and social environment - can't always compensate or be separated
E.g., poor social climate can override the best of physical environments
social climate - ✔✔Human functioning related to social system
*Optimal arrangement of environments is probably the most powerful intervention for behavior*
Desired social climate can inform the design process
Moos' Sheltered Care Environment Scale (SCES) - ✔✔Relationship dimensions
Cohesion
Conflict
Personal growth dimensions
Independence
Self exploration
,System maintenance and change dimensions
Organization
Resident influence
Physical comfort
person environment interactions - ✔✔Remember the "sweet spot" - when there is enough
ENVIRONMENTAL PRESS and COMPETENCE, residents can thrive. Environmental press is seen through
the social environment, staff personalities, goals of the residence. Competence is seen in the patient;
personality, desires, what they are capable of.
Optimal Environment arrangement is THE MOST POWERFUL INTERVENTION
Stability - ✔✔Stability of dispositional traits- can change a little
neuroticism- declines, extraversion-declines, openness-declines, agreeableness-increases,
conscientiousness-increases- BUT OVERALL THEY ARE ALL QUITE STABLE OVER TIME
mid-life crisis - ✔✔the idea that adults go through an orderly sequence of stages that includes both
crisis and stability- small minority go through this- it's usually related to work or health (not marriage)-
series of losses and gains
mid-life correction - ✔✔re-evaulating one's values, roles and dreams and making the necessary
corrections (usually positive); timing of re-evaluation can vary over many years
Jung's Theory of personality - ✔✔personality changes in adulthood- each part of personality needs to be
in balance with others (introversion--Extroversion; Masculinity--Femininity)
Freud's Theory of Personality - ✔✔after age 5 personality is stable, personality consists of different
stages
Erikson's Theory - ✔✔8 stages and personality changes within those stages
1.Infancy (basic trust vs basic mistrust)
, 2.Early childhood (autonomy vs shame and doubt)
3.Play stage (initiative vs guilt)
4.School age (industry vs inferiority)
5.Adolescence (identity vs identity confusion)
6.Young adulthood (intimacy vs isolation)
7.Adulthood (generativity vs stagnation)
8.Old age (integrity vs despair)
-Erickson believes personality changes over adulthood.
-Each stage represented the interaction of biology and environment
-Sequence of stages is fixed
-Epigenetic Principle: tasks of one stage must be completed in order to be successful in the next stage.
Kotre's Expansion of Generativity - ✔✔+struggle against stagnation (economic changes) that ascends
during adulthood:
Biological and parental: raising kids
Technical: passing specific skills to next generation
Cultural: being a mentor to others
Agentic: be or do something that transcends (go beyond) death
Communal: contributing in interpersonal community activities
-research shows there is growth and development in generativity through adulthood
-Kotre asserts the struggles identified by Erickson are not fought constantly; rather, they probably come
and go.
Loevinger's Theory of ego development - ✔✔Ego development - consists of fundamental changes in the
ways in which thoughts, values, morals, and goals are organized
+Conformist, conscientious-conformist, conscientious, individualistic, autonomous, integrated.
life narratives - ✔✔aspects of personality that pull everything together, those integrative aspects that
give a person an identity or sense of self
"Who am I?"
