ASTR 1010 Final Vanderbilt Latest Update 2024-
2025 Actual Exam from Credible Sources with
Questions and Verified Correct Answers Golden
Ticket to Guaranteed A+ Verified by Professor
baryonic matter - CORRECT ANSWER: normal matter
(protons/electrons/neutrons/stuff!)
Bullet Cluster - CORRECT ANSWER: 3 mass measrmts: luminous matter in peripheral
gxys, x-ray gas in the center of collision (10x more than gxys), and gravitational lensing
of other objects (lensing mass 5x gas's mass)
most of lensing occurs around galaxies; galaxies have most of mass, which we can't
see (dark) and which can't escape gxys (cold)
Cannon - CORRECT ANSWER: 1901, created OBAFGKM stellar classification system,
adding fractnl gradatns and finally organizing spectral types from hot to cool; would give
x-axis of H-R diagram, most important diagram in all of astrophysics
cepheid variable stars - CORRECT ANSWER: variable star w/ irregular varblty trend,
rapidly brightening, fading progressively slower till 3/4 down, then rapidly
finishing/repeating; variatn related to intrinsic luminosity, i.e. their size/temp changing
Copernicus - CORRECT ANSWER: 1500s, hypothesized heliocentric universe; had no
hypothesis on universe age; nudged scientists to consider the universe having a
beginning instead of being eternal
dark energy + evidence - CORRECT ANSWER: a mysterious repulsive force that
appears to be causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate
, Type Ia supernovae as standard candles; Hbl law says they should be moving faster
there; inverse square law for light dictates that dimmer = farther; calculated dstncs to
things are even farther than their redshift predicts; they are being pushed away
dark matter + evidence - CORRECT ANSWER: matter (gravity, attractive force) that
does not give off electromagnetic radiation but is quite abundant in the universe
rotation curves, ultra-faint galaxies, gravitational lensing, Coma Cluster + Zwicky, Bullet
Cluster
Dicke and Peebles - CORRECT ANSWER: 1965, made the connection btwn
Penzias/Wilson's radio noise & CBR
Doppler shift - CORRECT ANSWER: v/c= (lambda[sub:observed] - lambda[sub:rest]) /
lambda[sub:rest] ; wavelength of obsrvd object increases with speed of the object
early phases of Big Bang - CORRECT ANSWER: inflationary epoch: 10^-35 s, universe
expands beyond speed of light for reasons unknown
particle creation epoch: 5 s, T > 1,000 bil K, photons have so much energy that they can
turn into p/n/e's and back; higher energy = higher mass, but as univrs expands, photon
wvlngths stretch, losing energy & losing ability to convert to particles at all
element creation epoch: 100 s, T < 6 bil K; n's too unstable to exist w/o fusing w/ p, so
they either do that or fall apart into p/e's; protons have enough energy to combine into
H, 2H & He, even some Li/Be;
combination/recombination epoch: 380,000 y, T < 1 bil K, p/e's combine to form H, e's
absorb photons w/ enough energy to free them, H falls apart, univrs expands/cools, H
keeps reforming/falling apart with photons having less and less energy to free to e's
each time, until energy is too little and photons can't be absorbed anymore
2025 Actual Exam from Credible Sources with
Questions and Verified Correct Answers Golden
Ticket to Guaranteed A+ Verified by Professor
baryonic matter - CORRECT ANSWER: normal matter
(protons/electrons/neutrons/stuff!)
Bullet Cluster - CORRECT ANSWER: 3 mass measrmts: luminous matter in peripheral
gxys, x-ray gas in the center of collision (10x more than gxys), and gravitational lensing
of other objects (lensing mass 5x gas's mass)
most of lensing occurs around galaxies; galaxies have most of mass, which we can't
see (dark) and which can't escape gxys (cold)
Cannon - CORRECT ANSWER: 1901, created OBAFGKM stellar classification system,
adding fractnl gradatns and finally organizing spectral types from hot to cool; would give
x-axis of H-R diagram, most important diagram in all of astrophysics
cepheid variable stars - CORRECT ANSWER: variable star w/ irregular varblty trend,
rapidly brightening, fading progressively slower till 3/4 down, then rapidly
finishing/repeating; variatn related to intrinsic luminosity, i.e. their size/temp changing
Copernicus - CORRECT ANSWER: 1500s, hypothesized heliocentric universe; had no
hypothesis on universe age; nudged scientists to consider the universe having a
beginning instead of being eternal
dark energy + evidence - CORRECT ANSWER: a mysterious repulsive force that
appears to be causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate
, Type Ia supernovae as standard candles; Hbl law says they should be moving faster
there; inverse square law for light dictates that dimmer = farther; calculated dstncs to
things are even farther than their redshift predicts; they are being pushed away
dark matter + evidence - CORRECT ANSWER: matter (gravity, attractive force) that
does not give off electromagnetic radiation but is quite abundant in the universe
rotation curves, ultra-faint galaxies, gravitational lensing, Coma Cluster + Zwicky, Bullet
Cluster
Dicke and Peebles - CORRECT ANSWER: 1965, made the connection btwn
Penzias/Wilson's radio noise & CBR
Doppler shift - CORRECT ANSWER: v/c= (lambda[sub:observed] - lambda[sub:rest]) /
lambda[sub:rest] ; wavelength of obsrvd object increases with speed of the object
early phases of Big Bang - CORRECT ANSWER: inflationary epoch: 10^-35 s, universe
expands beyond speed of light for reasons unknown
particle creation epoch: 5 s, T > 1,000 bil K, photons have so much energy that they can
turn into p/n/e's and back; higher energy = higher mass, but as univrs expands, photon
wvlngths stretch, losing energy & losing ability to convert to particles at all
element creation epoch: 100 s, T < 6 bil K; n's too unstable to exist w/o fusing w/ p, so
they either do that or fall apart into p/e's; protons have enough energy to combine into
H, 2H & He, even some Li/Be;
combination/recombination epoch: 380,000 y, T < 1 bil K, p/e's combine to form H, e's
absorb photons w/ enough energy to free them, H falls apart, univrs expands/cools, H
keeps reforming/falling apart with photons having less and less energy to free to e's
each time, until energy is too little and photons can't be absorbed anymore
