NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM EXPECTED
QUESTIONS AND THEIR EXPECTED
ANSWERS
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of
Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
Which of the following are considered the "first
responders" of the innate immune system? (Appear
first in any immune response)
Neutrophils
Hives (Urticaria) are an example of a
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Type 2 (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are
mediated by:
IgG or IgM
Anaphylaxis is a
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by
IgE and mast cells
Example of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Hay fever
Most dangerous form of Type 1 hypersensitivity
reaction
Anaphylactic reaction systemic response causing
hypotension and severe bronchoconstriction
Local symptoms of Type 1 hypersensitivity
Itching, rash
,Systemic symptoms of Type 1 hypersensitivity
reaction
Wheezing
Main treatment of anaphylaxis
Epinephrine
Example of Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction
ABO incompatibility
Graves Disease (hyperthyroidism)
Primary effector cells involved in Type 2
hypersensitivity reactions
Macrophages
Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions
-Tissue specific
-Can cause tissue damage or alter function
Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by
Caused by cytotoxic T cells attacking tissue directly (no
antibody)
Which of the following is the underlying pathology for
hay fever?
Mast cell degranulation
Damage occurs with ABO incompatibility because
Complement damages RBC membrane causing RBC lysis
Which of the following assessment findings would be
expected in a patient who presents with urticaria?
Eosinophilia
Example of Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
Contact dermatitis (poison ivy, metal allergy)
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions
- Are NOT organ specific
- antigen-antibody complex deposited in tissues
Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction examples
, Rheumatoid Arthritis
Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)
Scope of Damage of SLE
- Facial rash confined to the cheeks (malar rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- photosensitivity (development of skin rash as a results of
sunlight exposure)
- oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
- hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia,
lymphopenia, or thrombocytopenia)
- immunologic disorders (antibodies against double-
stranded DNA or Smith antigen, false positive serologic
tests for syphilis, or antiphospholipid antibodies)
- Non-erosive arthritis of at least 2 peripheral joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- renal disorder (persistent proteinuria of > 0.5 g/day or > 3
g/day on dipstick of cellular casts)
- neurological disorders (seizures, psychosis)
- presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmune diseases can be
Familial although not all develop the same disease, but
several members may have different disorders
characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases
have been identified for a variety of
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-
MHC genes
Alloimmunity
General term used to describe when an individuals
immune system reactions against antigens on the tissues
of other members of the same species
QUESTIONS AND THEIR EXPECTED
ANSWERS
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of
Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
Which of the following are considered the "first
responders" of the innate immune system? (Appear
first in any immune response)
Neutrophils
Hives (Urticaria) are an example of a
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Type 2 (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are
mediated by:
IgG or IgM
Anaphylaxis is a
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by
IgE and mast cells
Example of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Hay fever
Most dangerous form of Type 1 hypersensitivity
reaction
Anaphylactic reaction systemic response causing
hypotension and severe bronchoconstriction
Local symptoms of Type 1 hypersensitivity
Itching, rash
,Systemic symptoms of Type 1 hypersensitivity
reaction
Wheezing
Main treatment of anaphylaxis
Epinephrine
Example of Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction
ABO incompatibility
Graves Disease (hyperthyroidism)
Primary effector cells involved in Type 2
hypersensitivity reactions
Macrophages
Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions
-Tissue specific
-Can cause tissue damage or alter function
Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by
Caused by cytotoxic T cells attacking tissue directly (no
antibody)
Which of the following is the underlying pathology for
hay fever?
Mast cell degranulation
Damage occurs with ABO incompatibility because
Complement damages RBC membrane causing RBC lysis
Which of the following assessment findings would be
expected in a patient who presents with urticaria?
Eosinophilia
Example of Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
Contact dermatitis (poison ivy, metal allergy)
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions
- Are NOT organ specific
- antigen-antibody complex deposited in tissues
Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction examples
, Rheumatoid Arthritis
Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)
Scope of Damage of SLE
- Facial rash confined to the cheeks (malar rash)
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- photosensitivity (development of skin rash as a results of
sunlight exposure)
- oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
- hematologic disorders (hemolytic anemia, leukopenia,
lymphopenia, or thrombocytopenia)
- immunologic disorders (antibodies against double-
stranded DNA or Smith antigen, false positive serologic
tests for syphilis, or antiphospholipid antibodies)
- Non-erosive arthritis of at least 2 peripheral joints
- Serositis (pleurisy, pericarditis)
- renal disorder (persistent proteinuria of > 0.5 g/day or > 3
g/day on dipstick of cellular casts)
- neurological disorders (seizures, psychosis)
- presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)
Autoimmune diseases can be
Familial although not all develop the same disease, but
several members may have different disorders
characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases
have been identified for a variety of
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-
MHC genes
Alloimmunity
General term used to describe when an individuals
immune system reactions against antigens on the tissues
of other members of the same species
