Name: Score:
465 Multiple choice questions
Definition 1 of 465
PMT is a tube with a photocathode (which converts scintillations from the crystal to electrons
(photo effect). These electrons are multiplied on the dynodes before reaching the anode.
The electrons are accelerated by a V through the tube, every collision with a dynode produces
secondary electrons.
The multiplication factor corresponds to the number of secondary electrons, usually 3-4, so for 10
dynodes = 3^10
Scintillation counter II.: the photomultiplier tube.
Einthoven-triangle, integral vector.
Biophysics of physical examination III.: Percussion
Biophysics of physical examination II.: palpation.
Definition 2 of 465
According to band theory, there is a valence band and a conduction band.
In a semiconductor, the gap between them is large enough that electrons do not pass freely.
However, the gap is not too large (Δε = 1eV ), therefore upon excitation, electrons can cross into
the conduction band and electricity will be conducted.
Digitization of analog signals.
Energy levels of intrinsic semiconductors.
Energy levels of electrical insulators.
Structure of the atomic nucleus.
,Definition 3 of 465
Formula for photon momentum:
ρ=h/λ
Optical tweezers u
tilize the momentum of the laser beam to control little refractive microshpere
structures which can be bound to a biological molecule and be controlled by moving the laser.
Explanation of light speed: optical tweezers.
Application of light energy: optical tweezers.
Definition of light wavelength: optical tweezers.
Interpretation of momentum of light: optical tweezers.
,Definition 4 of 465
viscous matter: resist shear flow and strain linearly with time when stress is applied
elastic matter strain when stretched and immediately return to their original state once the stress
is removed
visco-elastic body→ characteristic of biopolymers:viscous and elastic behavior appears
simultaneously
Model: parallel connection of spring and dashboard
Basics of diffusion: concepts, thermal motion.
Viscoelasticity I.: mechanical model
X-ray image amplifier.
Biophysics of hearing iii.: békésy's hearing model.
Definition 5 of 465
An ideal, theoretical b
ody which absorbs all the radiation incident on it and rememits it.
A model can be created from a closed metal cavity with a hole drilled into it, so radiation energy
cannot easily escape, thus it is absorbed completely.
(Absorption coefficient of Stefan-Boltzman lawdescribes that the emittance of a black body is
proportional to the fourth power of the temperature: Mblack(T)=sigmaT^4
Stern-Gerlach-experiment.
Sound as a wave.
Explain the ECG curve.
Absolute black body.
, Definition 6 of 465
Process in which gamma-photon removes an electron from the inner shell of an atom while being
absorbed, the Ekin of the electron = incident of the photon energy (approximately).
All the initial energy of the gamma photon is completely transferred to the electron.
Structure of the atomic nucleus.
Interaction of gamma radiation with matter I: photoeffect.
Interaction of gamma radiation with matter III: pair production.
Biomechanical characteristics of bone and enamel.
Definition 7 of 465
Its half-life should match the biological half-life (the time takes to the body to eliminate half of a
concentration of a substance from the body) and also match the duration of measurement with
the aim that all of them will be short as possible
related formula:
1/Teff=1/Tphys+1/Tbiol
Changes in the membrane potential as the function of time.
Properties of laser light.
Biophysics of hearing IV.: signal transduction in hair cells.
Principles of selecting the isotope for diagnostics according to half- life.
465 Multiple choice questions
Definition 1 of 465
PMT is a tube with a photocathode (which converts scintillations from the crystal to electrons
(photo effect). These electrons are multiplied on the dynodes before reaching the anode.
The electrons are accelerated by a V through the tube, every collision with a dynode produces
secondary electrons.
The multiplication factor corresponds to the number of secondary electrons, usually 3-4, so for 10
dynodes = 3^10
Scintillation counter II.: the photomultiplier tube.
Einthoven-triangle, integral vector.
Biophysics of physical examination III.: Percussion
Biophysics of physical examination II.: palpation.
Definition 2 of 465
According to band theory, there is a valence band and a conduction band.
In a semiconductor, the gap between them is large enough that electrons do not pass freely.
However, the gap is not too large (Δε = 1eV ), therefore upon excitation, electrons can cross into
the conduction band and electricity will be conducted.
Digitization of analog signals.
Energy levels of intrinsic semiconductors.
Energy levels of electrical insulators.
Structure of the atomic nucleus.
,Definition 3 of 465
Formula for photon momentum:
ρ=h/λ
Optical tweezers u
tilize the momentum of the laser beam to control little refractive microshpere
structures which can be bound to a biological molecule and be controlled by moving the laser.
Explanation of light speed: optical tweezers.
Application of light energy: optical tweezers.
Definition of light wavelength: optical tweezers.
Interpretation of momentum of light: optical tweezers.
,Definition 4 of 465
viscous matter: resist shear flow and strain linearly with time when stress is applied
elastic matter strain when stretched and immediately return to their original state once the stress
is removed
visco-elastic body→ characteristic of biopolymers:viscous and elastic behavior appears
simultaneously
Model: parallel connection of spring and dashboard
Basics of diffusion: concepts, thermal motion.
Viscoelasticity I.: mechanical model
X-ray image amplifier.
Biophysics of hearing iii.: békésy's hearing model.
Definition 5 of 465
An ideal, theoretical b
ody which absorbs all the radiation incident on it and rememits it.
A model can be created from a closed metal cavity with a hole drilled into it, so radiation energy
cannot easily escape, thus it is absorbed completely.
(Absorption coefficient of Stefan-Boltzman lawdescribes that the emittance of a black body is
proportional to the fourth power of the temperature: Mblack(T)=sigmaT^4
Stern-Gerlach-experiment.
Sound as a wave.
Explain the ECG curve.
Absolute black body.
, Definition 6 of 465
Process in which gamma-photon removes an electron from the inner shell of an atom while being
absorbed, the Ekin of the electron = incident of the photon energy (approximately).
All the initial energy of the gamma photon is completely transferred to the electron.
Structure of the atomic nucleus.
Interaction of gamma radiation with matter I: photoeffect.
Interaction of gamma radiation with matter III: pair production.
Biomechanical characteristics of bone and enamel.
Definition 7 of 465
Its half-life should match the biological half-life (the time takes to the body to eliminate half of a
concentration of a substance from the body) and also match the duration of measurement with
the aim that all of them will be short as possible
related formula:
1/Teff=1/Tphys+1/Tbiol
Changes in the membrane potential as the function of time.
Properties of laser light.
Biophysics of hearing IV.: signal transduction in hair cells.
Principles of selecting the isotope for diagnostics according to half- life.
