HESI ON ADDICTIONS AND MENTAL
HEALTH V3 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH WELL REVISED ANSWERS 2024-2025
ALREADY GRADED A+!!!
What is alcohol flush? - ANSWERS -Effect of alcohol on an individual who is deficient in enzymes that
break down alcohol
What is a psychoactive drug? - ANSWERS -Any drug that causes alterations in structure or function of
the brain
What is addiction? - ANSWERS -A bio-psychosocial, multifaceted process of substance dependency
What is physical dependency? - ANSWERS -Physiological, cellular process adaptations from being so
accustomed to a substance that they can only function when it is present
What is psychological dependency? - ANSWERS -A strong mental or emotional need for a substance
Is physical or psychological substance dependency a higher predictor for relapse? - ANSWERS -Usually
psychological factors such as depression, cravings, etc
What are the 5 dimensions of explaining drug use? - ANSWERS -1. Commencement (why do people take
drugs in first place?)
2. Maintenance (why do they maintain taking drugs?)
3. Escalation (what intensifies their drug taking?)
4. Cessation (why or how do they stop?)
5. Relapse (why might they begin again?)
,Drug misuse - ANSWERS -Occasional improper or harmful use of a prescription or social drug
Drug abuse - ANSWERS -Used in broader social context where any instance of drug use is disapproved
of, or interferes with one's well-being
Withdrawal - ANSWERS -A negative, uncomfortable bodily reaction occurring during the process of
cessation from substance use
What are the 3 psychoactive drug groupings? - ANSWERS -1. Depressants
2. Opioids
3. Stimulants
Depressants - ANSWERS -Produce a reduction of arousal activity in the CNS
Opioids - ANSWERS -Subgroup of CNS depressants that dull pain, suppress cough, and mimic endorphin
neurotransmitters
Stimulants - ANSWERS -Increase activity of cerebral cortex, creating mood elevation, hyper-arousal,
increased vigilance, decreased fatigue
Hallucinogens - ANSWERS -Psychoactive agents that produce generalized disruption in brain especially
in cognition, perception and mood
Psychotherapeutic agents - ANSWERS -Act on CNS to affect mood or behaviour
What are the 4 main levels of the psychoactive substance use spectrum? - ANSWERS -1. Casual/Non
problematic
2. Beneficial use
3. Problematic use
4. Chronic dependence
, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria - ANSWERS -a) Tolerance of drug
b) Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when not using drug
What are process addictions? - ANSWERS -Non-chemical addictions (ex. Gambling, shopping, porn, etc)
What is the difference between agonist and partial agonist drugs? - ANSWERS -Agonist drugs fit fully
into cellular receptors and pose higher risk of overdose, where partial agonists only partially fit and pose
lower overdose risk
What is an antagonist drug? - ANSWERS -Able to fit into a receptor site without activating any cellular
response, but rather just blocking one
Cross-tolerance/dependence - ANSWERS -One drug category is similar in pharmacological action to
another
Synergistic effect - ANSWERS -Substances that when used together enhance or strengthen their effects
Paradoxical effect - ANSWERS -Pharmacological effect where a substance has the opposite effect that it
is meant to
Rebound effect - ANSWERS -Increased negative symptoms of a drug even after it has already been
metabolized or tolerance towards it has been achieved
Delirium Tremens - ANSWERS -Confusional state during withdrawal
Post acute withdrawals syndrome (PAWS) - ANSWERS -Symptoms occurring immediately after cessation
of using a substance (ex. Depression, anxiety, irritability, sleep problems)
Teratogenic effect - ANSWERS -Substances that have a harmful effect on an unborn fetus in pregnant
mothers (ex. Alcohol, nicotine)
What is a drug's half life? - ANSWERS -The time it takes for half of a given drug to be metabolized
HEALTH V3 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH WELL REVISED ANSWERS 2024-2025
ALREADY GRADED A+!!!
What is alcohol flush? - ANSWERS -Effect of alcohol on an individual who is deficient in enzymes that
break down alcohol
What is a psychoactive drug? - ANSWERS -Any drug that causes alterations in structure or function of
the brain
What is addiction? - ANSWERS -A bio-psychosocial, multifaceted process of substance dependency
What is physical dependency? - ANSWERS -Physiological, cellular process adaptations from being so
accustomed to a substance that they can only function when it is present
What is psychological dependency? - ANSWERS -A strong mental or emotional need for a substance
Is physical or psychological substance dependency a higher predictor for relapse? - ANSWERS -Usually
psychological factors such as depression, cravings, etc
What are the 5 dimensions of explaining drug use? - ANSWERS -1. Commencement (why do people take
drugs in first place?)
2. Maintenance (why do they maintain taking drugs?)
3. Escalation (what intensifies their drug taking?)
4. Cessation (why or how do they stop?)
5. Relapse (why might they begin again?)
,Drug misuse - ANSWERS -Occasional improper or harmful use of a prescription or social drug
Drug abuse - ANSWERS -Used in broader social context where any instance of drug use is disapproved
of, or interferes with one's well-being
Withdrawal - ANSWERS -A negative, uncomfortable bodily reaction occurring during the process of
cessation from substance use
What are the 3 psychoactive drug groupings? - ANSWERS -1. Depressants
2. Opioids
3. Stimulants
Depressants - ANSWERS -Produce a reduction of arousal activity in the CNS
Opioids - ANSWERS -Subgroup of CNS depressants that dull pain, suppress cough, and mimic endorphin
neurotransmitters
Stimulants - ANSWERS -Increase activity of cerebral cortex, creating mood elevation, hyper-arousal,
increased vigilance, decreased fatigue
Hallucinogens - ANSWERS -Psychoactive agents that produce generalized disruption in brain especially
in cognition, perception and mood
Psychotherapeutic agents - ANSWERS -Act on CNS to affect mood or behaviour
What are the 4 main levels of the psychoactive substance use spectrum? - ANSWERS -1. Casual/Non
problematic
2. Beneficial use
3. Problematic use
4. Chronic dependence
, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria - ANSWERS -a) Tolerance of drug
b) Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when not using drug
What are process addictions? - ANSWERS -Non-chemical addictions (ex. Gambling, shopping, porn, etc)
What is the difference between agonist and partial agonist drugs? - ANSWERS -Agonist drugs fit fully
into cellular receptors and pose higher risk of overdose, where partial agonists only partially fit and pose
lower overdose risk
What is an antagonist drug? - ANSWERS -Able to fit into a receptor site without activating any cellular
response, but rather just blocking one
Cross-tolerance/dependence - ANSWERS -One drug category is similar in pharmacological action to
another
Synergistic effect - ANSWERS -Substances that when used together enhance or strengthen their effects
Paradoxical effect - ANSWERS -Pharmacological effect where a substance has the opposite effect that it
is meant to
Rebound effect - ANSWERS -Increased negative symptoms of a drug even after it has already been
metabolized or tolerance towards it has been achieved
Delirium Tremens - ANSWERS -Confusional state during withdrawal
Post acute withdrawals syndrome (PAWS) - ANSWERS -Symptoms occurring immediately after cessation
of using a substance (ex. Depression, anxiety, irritability, sleep problems)
Teratogenic effect - ANSWERS -Substances that have a harmful effect on an unborn fetus in pregnant
mothers (ex. Alcohol, nicotine)
What is a drug's half life? - ANSWERS -The time it takes for half of a given drug to be metabolized
