NFDN 1001 FINAL EXAM With Correct
Detailed Answers.
What are the three historical approaches to health in Canada? - ANSWER- - medical
approach
- behavioural approach
- socio-environmental approach
Describe the medical approach to health (6) - ANSWER- - western thinking
- focuses on treatment of disease
- must have adequate health-care system
- prevalent after WWII with influx of economic growth
- national health insurance was created
- less emphasis on health promotion & disease prevention
The physicians role in the medical model - ANSWER- The physician was seen as the
expert and patients were expected to comply with his/her advice. The physician
assumes an authoritarian position in relation to the patient.
What type of care results in greater patient involvement? - ANSWER- Patient-centred
care
Describe the behavioural approach to health (5) - ANSWER- - lots of money was being
spent on health care but health status of population was not improving
- Lalonde report defined the health determinants as LIFESTYLE, environment, human
biology, and the organization of health-care.
- lifestyle contributes to chronic disease
- this approach places responsibility of health on the individual and less on physician
- lifestyle improvements were made primarily by well-educated, well-employed, and
higher income Canadians
Describe the socio-environmental approach (1) - ANSWER- - health is tied to social
structure: poverty, air pollution, poor water quality and workplace hazards are barriers to
healthy behaviours
Describe the Ottawa Charter (2) - ANSWER- - took the socio-environmental approach
- places responsibility for health on society rather than on just individuals
Ottawa Charter's pre-requisites for health (8) - ANSWER- - peace
- shelter
- education
- food
- income
, - stable ecosystem
- social justice
- equity
Ottawa Charter's five main strategies to promote health - ANSWER- 1) build healthy
public policy
2) create supportive environments
3) strengthen community action
4) develop personal skills
5) reorient health services
Describe the Epp Report (1) - ANSWER- - developed by Jake Epp minister of National
Health and Welfare - wanted health for all
What are the three major challenges identified in the Epp Report - ANSWER- 1)
reducing inequalities
2) improving prevention
3) enhancing coping
What are the twelve determinants of health? - ANSWER- 1) income & social status
2) social support networks
3) education
4) employment & working conditions
5) physical environments
6) biology & genetics
7) personal practices (lifestyle) & coping skills
8) healthy child development
9) health services
10) gender
11) culture
12) social environments
What is health promotion? (And the five strategies) - ANSWER- Directed towards
increasing the level of well-being and self-actualization
Five strategies to promote health:
1) build healthy public policy
2) create supportive environments
3) strengthen community action
4) develop personal skills
5) reorient health services
What is disease prevention? And how many levels of disease prevention are there? -
ANSWER- Action to avoid illness/disease
3: primary, secondary, tertiary
Detailed Answers.
What are the three historical approaches to health in Canada? - ANSWER- - medical
approach
- behavioural approach
- socio-environmental approach
Describe the medical approach to health (6) - ANSWER- - western thinking
- focuses on treatment of disease
- must have adequate health-care system
- prevalent after WWII with influx of economic growth
- national health insurance was created
- less emphasis on health promotion & disease prevention
The physicians role in the medical model - ANSWER- The physician was seen as the
expert and patients were expected to comply with his/her advice. The physician
assumes an authoritarian position in relation to the patient.
What type of care results in greater patient involvement? - ANSWER- Patient-centred
care
Describe the behavioural approach to health (5) - ANSWER- - lots of money was being
spent on health care but health status of population was not improving
- Lalonde report defined the health determinants as LIFESTYLE, environment, human
biology, and the organization of health-care.
- lifestyle contributes to chronic disease
- this approach places responsibility of health on the individual and less on physician
- lifestyle improvements were made primarily by well-educated, well-employed, and
higher income Canadians
Describe the socio-environmental approach (1) - ANSWER- - health is tied to social
structure: poverty, air pollution, poor water quality and workplace hazards are barriers to
healthy behaviours
Describe the Ottawa Charter (2) - ANSWER- - took the socio-environmental approach
- places responsibility for health on society rather than on just individuals
Ottawa Charter's pre-requisites for health (8) - ANSWER- - peace
- shelter
- education
- food
- income
, - stable ecosystem
- social justice
- equity
Ottawa Charter's five main strategies to promote health - ANSWER- 1) build healthy
public policy
2) create supportive environments
3) strengthen community action
4) develop personal skills
5) reorient health services
Describe the Epp Report (1) - ANSWER- - developed by Jake Epp minister of National
Health and Welfare - wanted health for all
What are the three major challenges identified in the Epp Report - ANSWER- 1)
reducing inequalities
2) improving prevention
3) enhancing coping
What are the twelve determinants of health? - ANSWER- 1) income & social status
2) social support networks
3) education
4) employment & working conditions
5) physical environments
6) biology & genetics
7) personal practices (lifestyle) & coping skills
8) healthy child development
9) health services
10) gender
11) culture
12) social environments
What is health promotion? (And the five strategies) - ANSWER- Directed towards
increasing the level of well-being and self-actualization
Five strategies to promote health:
1) build healthy public policy
2) create supportive environments
3) strengthen community action
4) develop personal skills
5) reorient health services
What is disease prevention? And how many levels of disease prevention are there? -
ANSWER- Action to avoid illness/disease
3: primary, secondary, tertiary
