FUNDAMENTALS SKILLS NR-224 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS/ A+ GRADE
what are the stages of infection?
1) incubation;
2) prodromal;
3) illness;
4) convalescence
incubation period
the period between exposure to an infection and the appearance of the first
symptoms. Symptoms are vague. the very first thing you notice when getting sick. ex:
you WOKEUP with a cough.
prodromal stage
person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific signs of disease. ex: waiting a
couple of days hoping your cough will go away but now developed a fever
illness stage
the interval when symptoms specific to the infection occur. presence of disease.
localized. ex: testing positive for covid. OR think of hitting your leg on something and
that area becomes red and swollen, you know exactly where you hit your leg because
the symptoms are in that specific spot.
Convalescence stage
recovery stage ex: you were in the hospital for a few days but then went home to
recover.
latrogenic infection
direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures
-if a nurse or provider didnt wash their hands from a previous patient and then got you
sick
exogenous infection
Come from microorganisms found outside the individual, organ or part
-gonnhorrea, meningitis, syphilis
endogenous infection
-infections produced within a cell or organism
-Occurs when part of the patient's normal flora becomes altered and an overgrowth
results
-BV (bacterial vaginosis)
localized infection
-Infection is confined to a specific area of the body.
-Clinical manifestations:Pain, swelling, redness, tenderness, edema,erythema,warmth
ex: ear infection
systemic infection
-Infection has spread; entire body is affected
-Clinical manifestationsFever, chills, N/V/D, MalaiseSymptoms may not always be
present right away
ex: chicken pox
, asepsis
Absence of pathogenic (disease-producing) microorganisms.
aseptic technique
Practices/ procedures that assist in reducing the risk for infection
Medical asepsis
-clean technique
-practice used to remove or destroy germs and to prevent their spread from one person
or place to another person or place.
-performing hand hygiene, wearing ppe, sterilizing
what is the difference between disinfection and sterilization?
disinfection: eliminates manyor all microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial
spores, from inanimateobjects
-Disinfection of surfacesHigh-level disinfection
sterilization: complete elimination ordestruction of all microorganisms, including
spores.
*sterilization think procedure room and sterile field. disinfection think cleaning wipes and
cleaning your house
medical asepsis
- REDUCES # of pathogens
-referred to as "clean technique"
-used in administration of: meds, tube feedings, daily hygiene
handwashing is #1 here
sugrical asepsis
-ELIMINATES ALL pathogens
-referred to as "Sterile technique"
-used in: dressing changes, surgical procedures, catheterizations
hand hygiene
handwashing: regular soap and water
antiseptic handwashing: antiseptic soap and water
antiseptic hand rub: hand sanitizer
surgical hand antisepsis: scrubbing hands and forearms withantimicrobial soap or an
alcohol-based hand-scrub product (you see this one in greys anatomy)
is a 1 inch borader sterile or non-sterile?
non-sterile
is a 2 inch boarder sterile or non-sterile?
sterile
*nothing can be close to the edge. make sure its more towards the middle, at least more
than 1 inch away from the edges
What are standard precautions?
They are used during every patient interaction. Includes: hand hygiene, use of PPE,
covering your mouth while coughing, respiratory hygiene, safe injection practices,
and disinfection of soiled surfaces and equipment.
CONTACT precautions
-need gown and gloves
-hand hygiene used: hand sanitizer UNLESS visibly soiled or come in contact with feces
like c-diff
ANSWERS/ A+ GRADE
what are the stages of infection?
1) incubation;
2) prodromal;
3) illness;
4) convalescence
incubation period
the period between exposure to an infection and the appearance of the first
symptoms. Symptoms are vague. the very first thing you notice when getting sick. ex:
you WOKEUP with a cough.
prodromal stage
person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific signs of disease. ex: waiting a
couple of days hoping your cough will go away but now developed a fever
illness stage
the interval when symptoms specific to the infection occur. presence of disease.
localized. ex: testing positive for covid. OR think of hitting your leg on something and
that area becomes red and swollen, you know exactly where you hit your leg because
the symptoms are in that specific spot.
Convalescence stage
recovery stage ex: you were in the hospital for a few days but then went home to
recover.
latrogenic infection
direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures
-if a nurse or provider didnt wash their hands from a previous patient and then got you
sick
exogenous infection
Come from microorganisms found outside the individual, organ or part
-gonnhorrea, meningitis, syphilis
endogenous infection
-infections produced within a cell or organism
-Occurs when part of the patient's normal flora becomes altered and an overgrowth
results
-BV (bacterial vaginosis)
localized infection
-Infection is confined to a specific area of the body.
-Clinical manifestations:Pain, swelling, redness, tenderness, edema,erythema,warmth
ex: ear infection
systemic infection
-Infection has spread; entire body is affected
-Clinical manifestationsFever, chills, N/V/D, MalaiseSymptoms may not always be
present right away
ex: chicken pox
, asepsis
Absence of pathogenic (disease-producing) microorganisms.
aseptic technique
Practices/ procedures that assist in reducing the risk for infection
Medical asepsis
-clean technique
-practice used to remove or destroy germs and to prevent their spread from one person
or place to another person or place.
-performing hand hygiene, wearing ppe, sterilizing
what is the difference between disinfection and sterilization?
disinfection: eliminates manyor all microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial
spores, from inanimateobjects
-Disinfection of surfacesHigh-level disinfection
sterilization: complete elimination ordestruction of all microorganisms, including
spores.
*sterilization think procedure room and sterile field. disinfection think cleaning wipes and
cleaning your house
medical asepsis
- REDUCES # of pathogens
-referred to as "clean technique"
-used in administration of: meds, tube feedings, daily hygiene
handwashing is #1 here
sugrical asepsis
-ELIMINATES ALL pathogens
-referred to as "Sterile technique"
-used in: dressing changes, surgical procedures, catheterizations
hand hygiene
handwashing: regular soap and water
antiseptic handwashing: antiseptic soap and water
antiseptic hand rub: hand sanitizer
surgical hand antisepsis: scrubbing hands and forearms withantimicrobial soap or an
alcohol-based hand-scrub product (you see this one in greys anatomy)
is a 1 inch borader sterile or non-sterile?
non-sterile
is a 2 inch boarder sterile or non-sterile?
sterile
*nothing can be close to the edge. make sure its more towards the middle, at least more
than 1 inch away from the edges
What are standard precautions?
They are used during every patient interaction. Includes: hand hygiene, use of PPE,
covering your mouth while coughing, respiratory hygiene, safe injection practices,
and disinfection of soiled surfaces and equipment.
CONTACT precautions
-need gown and gloves
-hand hygiene used: hand sanitizer UNLESS visibly soiled or come in contact with feces
like c-diff
