BI 234: UNIT 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
Where does the microbiota come from?
Depends on vaginal birth or cesarean.
Breast milk
Diet
Where is microbiota?
Skin but 99% gut. around 500 species
Functions of microbiota?
Colonization resistance (fierce competition for pathoges), energy harvest of some
nutrients (volitile fatty acids)
What does the microbiota need?
colon needs CHO's, obligate anaerobes (so no O2). The carbs that make it to the
microbiota cells use them to make VFAs
What are two VFAs?
Butyric acid and Propionic acid
Dysbiosis:
A change in microbiota community structure, leading to a lose of function.
Ex: Taking antibioticcs disrupts microbiota, to the point where a pathogen that was
previously unable to grow, is now able to grow.
What are some conditions that can result from dysbiosis:
, IBS, IBD, and certain STIs
Probiotic:
Living microbes you eat for some benefit
Prebiotic:
Indigestible CHO's we eat to feed your microbiota.
Examples of prebiotic:
Wheat, dextran, inulin, fructooligo saccharides, some fiber
Characteristics of bacterial vaginosis:
Thin, white or gray discharge with fish-odor, especially after sex; pH greater than 4.5,
wet mount indicates presence of clue cells; Can lead to STIs or make people
susceptible to them. 80% asymptomatic
Describe the change in community structure bacterial vaginosisL
Healthy Lactobacillus ------> Obligate anaerobes, stuck to epithelium
What MHC type 1 does>
Displaying cytoplasmic proteins to T cell. Usually only to CD8+ cells.
What MHC type 2 do?
Displays vesicular proteins
usually only to CD4+ T cells.
What do natural killer cells do>
Kill any cell that doesn't have MHC 1
What assists in antigen presentation?
T cell CD coreceptor helps stabalizes the docking of MHC carrying an epitope to the T
cell receptor
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
Where does the microbiota come from?
Depends on vaginal birth or cesarean.
Breast milk
Diet
Where is microbiota?
Skin but 99% gut. around 500 species
Functions of microbiota?
Colonization resistance (fierce competition for pathoges), energy harvest of some
nutrients (volitile fatty acids)
What does the microbiota need?
colon needs CHO's, obligate anaerobes (so no O2). The carbs that make it to the
microbiota cells use them to make VFAs
What are two VFAs?
Butyric acid and Propionic acid
Dysbiosis:
A change in microbiota community structure, leading to a lose of function.
Ex: Taking antibioticcs disrupts microbiota, to the point where a pathogen that was
previously unable to grow, is now able to grow.
What are some conditions that can result from dysbiosis:
, IBS, IBD, and certain STIs
Probiotic:
Living microbes you eat for some benefit
Prebiotic:
Indigestible CHO's we eat to feed your microbiota.
Examples of prebiotic:
Wheat, dextran, inulin, fructooligo saccharides, some fiber
Characteristics of bacterial vaginosis:
Thin, white or gray discharge with fish-odor, especially after sex; pH greater than 4.5,
wet mount indicates presence of clue cells; Can lead to STIs or make people
susceptible to them. 80% asymptomatic
Describe the change in community structure bacterial vaginosisL
Healthy Lactobacillus ------> Obligate anaerobes, stuck to epithelium
What MHC type 1 does>
Displaying cytoplasmic proteins to T cell. Usually only to CD8+ cells.
What MHC type 2 do?
Displays vesicular proteins
usually only to CD4+ T cells.
What do natural killer cells do>
Kill any cell that doesn't have MHC 1
What assists in antigen presentation?
T cell CD coreceptor helps stabalizes the docking of MHC carrying an epitope to the T
cell receptor
