PCC BI 234 BRIGGS EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
GRADED A++
Contributions of van Leuwenhoek
First to observe bacteria using homemade microscopes
Contributions of Pasteur
Yeasts are responsible for alcohol fermentation. Developed pasteurization
Contributions of Koch
Proved that bacterium causes anthrax. Came up with Koch's Postulates.
Contributions of Semmelweis
Advocated handwashing in-between patient contact
Contributions of Lister
Used chemical disinfectant to prevent surgical wound infections.
Contributions of Jenner
Inoculated a person with cowpox virus. "Father" of Immunization.
Contributions of Fleming
Discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic.
Discoveries of the Golden Age of Microbiology
Is spontaneous generation possible? What causes disease and fermentation? How can
we prevent infection/disease?
,Germ Theory of Infectious Disease
Germs cause disease.
Koch's Postulates
Series of steps for experimentation used to prove that a specific microbe causes a
specific disease.
Modern Classification of Life on Earth
Three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Naming system devised by Carolus
Linnaeus.
First name is genus, last name is species. First name is italicized and capitalized,
except when used to describe morphology.
Bacteria
Prokaryote. Unicellular. Asexual Reproduction. Cell wall of peptidoglycan. Few cause
disease.
Archaea
Prokaryote. Unicellular. Asexual Reproduction. Cell wall not of peptidoglycan. Live in
extreme environments. None cause disease.
Fungi
Eukaryote. Molds, (Multicellular), Yeasts (Unicellular). Sexual/Asexual Reproduction.
Cell wall of chitin. Obtain food from organisms. Some cause disease.
Protozoa
Eukaryote. Unicellular. Mostly Asexual Reproduction. No Cell Wall. Motile via
pseudopods, cilia, flagella. Some cause disease.
Algae
, Eukaryote. Uni/Multi Cellular. Sexual/Asexual Reproduction. Cell wall of cellulose, or
silica. Photosynthetic. Some cause disease.
Viruses
Acellular (Non-Living). Nucleic acid enclosed within a protein coat. Multiply only within a
host cell.
Animals
Eukaryote. Multicellular. No cell walls. Use organic chemicals for energy (feed on
others). Some cause disease (parasitic worms).
Overview of Prokaryote
Do not have membrane surrounding their DNA (lack a nucleus). Lack membrane bound
structures. Small. Simple structure. Composed of bacteria, and archaea.
Overview of Eukaryote
Has a nucleus, and membrane bound organelles. Large. More complex structure.
Composed of algae, protozoa, fungi, animals, plants.
Prokaryotic Cells: Glycocalyx
Gelatinous, sticky substance outside of cell wall. Composed of polysaccharides.
Protects cells from drying out (dessication). Two types: Capsule, Slime Layers.
Capsule
Neatly organized. Firmly attached to cell surface. Prevents phagocytosis (prevents
recognition by host).
Slime Layer
Less organized. Loosely attached to cell surface. Sticky layer allows other prokaryotes
to attach to surfaces, as biofilms.
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
GRADED A++
Contributions of van Leuwenhoek
First to observe bacteria using homemade microscopes
Contributions of Pasteur
Yeasts are responsible for alcohol fermentation. Developed pasteurization
Contributions of Koch
Proved that bacterium causes anthrax. Came up with Koch's Postulates.
Contributions of Semmelweis
Advocated handwashing in-between patient contact
Contributions of Lister
Used chemical disinfectant to prevent surgical wound infections.
Contributions of Jenner
Inoculated a person with cowpox virus. "Father" of Immunization.
Contributions of Fleming
Discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic.
Discoveries of the Golden Age of Microbiology
Is spontaneous generation possible? What causes disease and fermentation? How can
we prevent infection/disease?
,Germ Theory of Infectious Disease
Germs cause disease.
Koch's Postulates
Series of steps for experimentation used to prove that a specific microbe causes a
specific disease.
Modern Classification of Life on Earth
Three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Naming system devised by Carolus
Linnaeus.
First name is genus, last name is species. First name is italicized and capitalized,
except when used to describe morphology.
Bacteria
Prokaryote. Unicellular. Asexual Reproduction. Cell wall of peptidoglycan. Few cause
disease.
Archaea
Prokaryote. Unicellular. Asexual Reproduction. Cell wall not of peptidoglycan. Live in
extreme environments. None cause disease.
Fungi
Eukaryote. Molds, (Multicellular), Yeasts (Unicellular). Sexual/Asexual Reproduction.
Cell wall of chitin. Obtain food from organisms. Some cause disease.
Protozoa
Eukaryote. Unicellular. Mostly Asexual Reproduction. No Cell Wall. Motile via
pseudopods, cilia, flagella. Some cause disease.
Algae
, Eukaryote. Uni/Multi Cellular. Sexual/Asexual Reproduction. Cell wall of cellulose, or
silica. Photosynthetic. Some cause disease.
Viruses
Acellular (Non-Living). Nucleic acid enclosed within a protein coat. Multiply only within a
host cell.
Animals
Eukaryote. Multicellular. No cell walls. Use organic chemicals for energy (feed on
others). Some cause disease (parasitic worms).
Overview of Prokaryote
Do not have membrane surrounding their DNA (lack a nucleus). Lack membrane bound
structures. Small. Simple structure. Composed of bacteria, and archaea.
Overview of Eukaryote
Has a nucleus, and membrane bound organelles. Large. More complex structure.
Composed of algae, protozoa, fungi, animals, plants.
Prokaryotic Cells: Glycocalyx
Gelatinous, sticky substance outside of cell wall. Composed of polysaccharides.
Protects cells from drying out (dessication). Two types: Capsule, Slime Layers.
Capsule
Neatly organized. Firmly attached to cell surface. Prevents phagocytosis (prevents
recognition by host).
Slime Layer
Less organized. Loosely attached to cell surface. Sticky layer allows other prokaryotes
to attach to surfaces, as biofilms.
