BI 234 MODULE 4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
A newly discovered organism is found to use chemical energy to drive ATP
synthesis and inorganic chemicals as an electron source. What terms best
describe this organism? Is this organism more likely to be a prokaryote or
eukaryote?
organism would be categorized as a chemolithotroph. more likely to be a prokaryote
plants and many bacteria are characterized as photoautolithotrophs. what does
this mean?
photoautolithotrophs are organisms that use light to provide the energy needed to drive
ATP synthesis; use CO2 as a carbon source; use inorganic chemicals as an electron
source
what is the effect of an allosteric inhibitor on the shape of an enzyme and its
active site?
allosteric inhibitors induce a conformational change in the enzyme that leads to a
change in the shape of the active site that prevents the substrate from binding
In E.coli, when amino acid tryptophan is high in the cell, trp binds to the first
enzyme in the metabolic pathway, inhibiting enzyme activity and trp biosynthesis.
what term is used for this metabolic regulation?
feedback inhibition; it is a specialized allosteric inhibition, occurs when there's a buildup
of product
, what is the "maximum" number of ATP molecules produced per molecule of
glucose in aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation?
aerobic respiration is 38 ATP, anaerobic respiration is 36 ATP, fermentation is 2 ATP
what characteristics differentiate fermentation from anaerobic respiration?
fermentation doesn't use ETC or chemiosmosis, it's final electron acceptor is only
organic molecules, and it produces far less ATP
How does oxidation of a molecule occur without molecular oxygen?
Oxidation is the loss of an electron. Oxygen is not required for this chemical reaction
what are the products for each of the following kinds of fermentation; alcohol
fermentation by yeast, heterolactic fermentation, and homolactic fermentation?
alcohol fermentation by yeast = ethanol and CO2
heterolactic fermentation = lactic acid, ethanol, and CO2
homolactic fermentation = lactic acid
Homolactic Lactobacillus spp are used in the production of cheddar cheese. How
do you think this is related to the differences in extra sharp cheddar (aged a year
or more) and mild cheddar (aged 3 months)?
as aging time increases (more fermentation), so does lactic acid concentration
which organism would have a faster evolutionary rate, one that reproduces every
20 years or one that reproduces every 20 hours?
an organism that reproduces every 20 hours would evolve faster
what are the functions of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase?
these enzymes convert harmful, reactive oxygen molecules into harmless molecules
obligate aerobes _______ oxygen and __________ detoxify
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
A newly discovered organism is found to use chemical energy to drive ATP
synthesis and inorganic chemicals as an electron source. What terms best
describe this organism? Is this organism more likely to be a prokaryote or
eukaryote?
organism would be categorized as a chemolithotroph. more likely to be a prokaryote
plants and many bacteria are characterized as photoautolithotrophs. what does
this mean?
photoautolithotrophs are organisms that use light to provide the energy needed to drive
ATP synthesis; use CO2 as a carbon source; use inorganic chemicals as an electron
source
what is the effect of an allosteric inhibitor on the shape of an enzyme and its
active site?
allosteric inhibitors induce a conformational change in the enzyme that leads to a
change in the shape of the active site that prevents the substrate from binding
In E.coli, when amino acid tryptophan is high in the cell, trp binds to the first
enzyme in the metabolic pathway, inhibiting enzyme activity and trp biosynthesis.
what term is used for this metabolic regulation?
feedback inhibition; it is a specialized allosteric inhibition, occurs when there's a buildup
of product
, what is the "maximum" number of ATP molecules produced per molecule of
glucose in aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation?
aerobic respiration is 38 ATP, anaerobic respiration is 36 ATP, fermentation is 2 ATP
what characteristics differentiate fermentation from anaerobic respiration?
fermentation doesn't use ETC or chemiosmosis, it's final electron acceptor is only
organic molecules, and it produces far less ATP
How does oxidation of a molecule occur without molecular oxygen?
Oxidation is the loss of an electron. Oxygen is not required for this chemical reaction
what are the products for each of the following kinds of fermentation; alcohol
fermentation by yeast, heterolactic fermentation, and homolactic fermentation?
alcohol fermentation by yeast = ethanol and CO2
heterolactic fermentation = lactic acid, ethanol, and CO2
homolactic fermentation = lactic acid
Homolactic Lactobacillus spp are used in the production of cheddar cheese. How
do you think this is related to the differences in extra sharp cheddar (aged a year
or more) and mild cheddar (aged 3 months)?
as aging time increases (more fermentation), so does lactic acid concentration
which organism would have a faster evolutionary rate, one that reproduces every
20 years or one that reproduces every 20 hours?
an organism that reproduces every 20 hours would evolve faster
what are the functions of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase?
these enzymes convert harmful, reactive oxygen molecules into harmless molecules
obligate aerobes _______ oxygen and __________ detoxify
