BI 234 GRAM (+) BACTERIA EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED GRADED A+ LATEST UPDATE

BI 234 GRAM (+) BACTERIA EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED GRADED A+ LATEST UPDATE Staphylococcus Gram (+) O2 requirement: facultative anaerobes cell shape/arrangement: cocci (graph like clusters) virulence factors: virulent, exotoxins Staphylococcus aureus Gram (+) disease: 1) food poisoning 4 hrs onset, enterotoxin- heat stable, 2) scalded skin- exfoliative toxin, 3)impetigo- honey colored crust pus filled vesicles on face, 4) foliculitis (hair follicles) sty, boil (furuncle), carbuncle (sev. furuncles), Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome: fever, vomit, rash, and BP down common treatment: methicillin, vancomycin, handwashing mode of transmission: naturally occurring in the nasal passages, Staphylococcus epidermidis *normal microbiota *opportunistic Streptococcus Gram (+) O2 Requirement: facultative anaerobes cell morphology/arrangement: cocci in pairs or chains Lancefield groups A and B include the significant human pathogens Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) Gram (+) Beta hemolysis Catalase (-) Negative pyrogenic toxins cocci diseases: strep throat (pharyngitis- pyrogenic toxins cause rash all over the body), scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, pyoderma (pus-filled lesions), erysicelas (infected/inflammed lymph nodes), strep TSS (40% mortality, necrotizing fasciiitis, flesh eating, toxemia common treatments: modes of transmission: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B) Gram (+) Disease: wounds and childbirth (puerperal fever), babies can get meningitis, bacteremia, and pneumonia common treatments: prophylactic use of penicillin during childbirth reduces newborn infections modes of transmission: part of normal flora; babies at risk during childbirth if mothers is positive Alpha hemolytic Streptococci The Viridans Group Green on blood agar Inhabit mouth, pharynx, GI tract, genital tract, and urinary tract Streptococcus mutans Gram (+) O2 Requirement: Dental caries and plaques, biofilms Diseases: cavities, meningitis, endocarditis, Streptococcus pneumoniae Gram (+) Cell morphology/arrangement: diplococci or streptococcus (chains or pairs) Alpha hemolytic Virulence factors: capsule (w/o capsule avirulent) Diseases: pneumococcal pneumonia "typical", sinusitis, otis media, pneumoncoccal meningitis, triad: fever, headache, and stiff neck Bacillus Bacillus anthracis Gram (+) O2 requirement: facultative anaerobe Cell morphology/arrangement: bacilli Endospores