BI 234 CONTROLLING MICROBIAL GROWTH IN THE
BODY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What are chemotherapeutic agents?
Chemicals used to treat diseases.
What are antimicrobial agents?
Chemicals used to treat microbial infections.
What are the three types of antimicrobial agents?
Antibiotics, semisynthetic antimicrobials, and synthetic drugs.
What is selective toxicity?
Using antimicrobial agents that are more toxic to pathogens than to the patient.
What are the mechanisms of antimicrobial action?
Inhibiting cell wall synthesis, inhibiting protein translation, disrupting cytoplasmic
membranes, inhibiting metabolic pathways, inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis, blocking
virus attachment, or blocking pathogen recognition.
What is the function of beta-lactams?
Preventing bacteria from cross-linking NAM subunits of peptidoglycan in the bacterial
cell wall during growth.
What are vancomycin and cycloserine?
Antimicrobial agents that disrupt cell wall formation in many Gram-positive bacteria.
, What is the function of bacitracin?
Blocking NAG and NAM transport from the cytoplasm.
What is the function of isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol?
Blocking mycolic acid synthesis in the walls of mycobacteria.
What is the function of echinocandins?
Blocking synthesis of fungal cell walls.
What antimicrobial agents interfere with 30S ribosomal subunit?
Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines.
What antimicrobial agents inhibit 50S subunits?
Chloramphenicol and macrolides.
What is the function of oxazolidinones?
disrupts portein synthesis but toxic, only for multiresistant bacteria
What is the mechanism of action of polyenes, azoles, and allylamines?
Disrupt cytoplasmic membranes of fungi
What is the target of polymyxin?
Membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, multiresistant bacteria only
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
Structural analogs of PABA, block nucleic acid synthesis
What are the drugs that inhibit nucleic acid replication?
Actinomycin, nucleotide analogs, nucleoside analogs, quinolones, and rifampin
What is the difference between narrow-spectrum and broad-spectrum drugs?
Narrow-spectrum affects fewer pathogens than broad-spectrum
What is the Kirby-Bauer test?
BODY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What are chemotherapeutic agents?
Chemicals used to treat diseases.
What are antimicrobial agents?
Chemicals used to treat microbial infections.
What are the three types of antimicrobial agents?
Antibiotics, semisynthetic antimicrobials, and synthetic drugs.
What is selective toxicity?
Using antimicrobial agents that are more toxic to pathogens than to the patient.
What are the mechanisms of antimicrobial action?
Inhibiting cell wall synthesis, inhibiting protein translation, disrupting cytoplasmic
membranes, inhibiting metabolic pathways, inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis, blocking
virus attachment, or blocking pathogen recognition.
What is the function of beta-lactams?
Preventing bacteria from cross-linking NAM subunits of peptidoglycan in the bacterial
cell wall during growth.
What are vancomycin and cycloserine?
Antimicrobial agents that disrupt cell wall formation in many Gram-positive bacteria.
, What is the function of bacitracin?
Blocking NAG and NAM transport from the cytoplasm.
What is the function of isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol?
Blocking mycolic acid synthesis in the walls of mycobacteria.
What is the function of echinocandins?
Blocking synthesis of fungal cell walls.
What antimicrobial agents interfere with 30S ribosomal subunit?
Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines.
What antimicrobial agents inhibit 50S subunits?
Chloramphenicol and macrolides.
What is the function of oxazolidinones?
disrupts portein synthesis but toxic, only for multiresistant bacteria
What is the mechanism of action of polyenes, azoles, and allylamines?
Disrupt cytoplasmic membranes of fungi
What is the target of polymyxin?
Membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, multiresistant bacteria only
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
Structural analogs of PABA, block nucleic acid synthesis
What are the drugs that inhibit nucleic acid replication?
Actinomycin, nucleotide analogs, nucleoside analogs, quinolones, and rifampin
What is the difference between narrow-spectrum and broad-spectrum drugs?
Narrow-spectrum affects fewer pathogens than broad-spectrum
What is the Kirby-Bauer test?
