EDF 6225 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
AND A WELL EXPLAINED SUMMARY
Reinforcement theory is a ________ theory. That
means all of its components are defined by their
function rather than by their __________
functional, structure
Positive reinforcement is a functional relation defined
by a two-term contingency: A response is followed
immediately by the _____________ of a stimulus, and,
as a result, similar responses occur more
___________ in the future.
presentation, frequently
The stimulus change responsible for the increase in
responding is called a ________
reinforcer
A delay (as long as even one second) can
______________ that intended effects of a stimulus
because it allows for another, unintended stimulus to
happen prior to the intended stimulus
diminish
In addition to increasing the future frequency of the
behavior it follows (consequence stimuli),
____________ changes the function of antecedent
stimuli.
reinforcement
This antecedent stimulus may evoke behavior
because it is correlated with the availability of
,reinforcement and is known as the
_________________ ____________-
discriminative stimulus
The discriminative stimulus only signals the
______________ of a reinforcer. It does not change the
effectiveness of a reinforcer.
availability
A ____________ _____________ increases or
decreases the current effectiveness of a reinforcer.
motivating operation
A motivating operation does not signal the
_________________ of a reinforcer
availability
The refrigerator may typically signal the availability of
food and food could be considered a _____________ if
you are hungry.
reinforcer
Your hunger is not contingent on the availability of the
refrigerator - it can happen anywhere. Your hunger is
considered a ______________ ______________
motivating operation
Your refrigerator may be available when you are not
hungry. It is always there. Your refrigerator is simply a
signal for the availability of reinforcement, otherwise
known as the ______________ __________
discriminative stimulus
_________________ ________________ are stimuli
that function as reinforcement without requiring a
learning history.
Unconditioned reinforcers
, These stimuli are the product of __________
development, meaning that all members of a species
are susceptible to the same properties of stimuli
phylogenic
_______________ ________________ are previously
neutral stimuli that function as reinforcers as a result
of prior paring with one or more other reinforcers
conditioned reinforcers
A ___________________ is a conditioned reinforcer
that has a result of having been paired with many
unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers does not
depend on a current EO for any particular form of
reinforcement for its effectiveness
generalized conditioned reinforcer
As Skinner pointed out, the powerful reinforcer "does
not need to be ____________ for instructional
purposes; it is unrelated to any particular kind of
behavior and hence always available. We call it
success"
contrived
An ______________________ is one in which
responding terminates an ongoing aversive stimulus
escape contingency
An _______________ is one in which responding
delays or prevents the presentation of an aversive
stimulus
avoidance contingency
In _______________________, responding in the
presence of a signal prevents stimulus presentation
discriminated avoidance
AND A WELL EXPLAINED SUMMARY
Reinforcement theory is a ________ theory. That
means all of its components are defined by their
function rather than by their __________
functional, structure
Positive reinforcement is a functional relation defined
by a two-term contingency: A response is followed
immediately by the _____________ of a stimulus, and,
as a result, similar responses occur more
___________ in the future.
presentation, frequently
The stimulus change responsible for the increase in
responding is called a ________
reinforcer
A delay (as long as even one second) can
______________ that intended effects of a stimulus
because it allows for another, unintended stimulus to
happen prior to the intended stimulus
diminish
In addition to increasing the future frequency of the
behavior it follows (consequence stimuli),
____________ changes the function of antecedent
stimuli.
reinforcement
This antecedent stimulus may evoke behavior
because it is correlated with the availability of
,reinforcement and is known as the
_________________ ____________-
discriminative stimulus
The discriminative stimulus only signals the
______________ of a reinforcer. It does not change the
effectiveness of a reinforcer.
availability
A ____________ _____________ increases or
decreases the current effectiveness of a reinforcer.
motivating operation
A motivating operation does not signal the
_________________ of a reinforcer
availability
The refrigerator may typically signal the availability of
food and food could be considered a _____________ if
you are hungry.
reinforcer
Your hunger is not contingent on the availability of the
refrigerator - it can happen anywhere. Your hunger is
considered a ______________ ______________
motivating operation
Your refrigerator may be available when you are not
hungry. It is always there. Your refrigerator is simply a
signal for the availability of reinforcement, otherwise
known as the ______________ __________
discriminative stimulus
_________________ ________________ are stimuli
that function as reinforcement without requiring a
learning history.
Unconditioned reinforcers
, These stimuli are the product of __________
development, meaning that all members of a species
are susceptible to the same properties of stimuli
phylogenic
_______________ ________________ are previously
neutral stimuli that function as reinforcers as a result
of prior paring with one or more other reinforcers
conditioned reinforcers
A ___________________ is a conditioned reinforcer
that has a result of having been paired with many
unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers does not
depend on a current EO for any particular form of
reinforcement for its effectiveness
generalized conditioned reinforcer
As Skinner pointed out, the powerful reinforcer "does
not need to be ____________ for instructional
purposes; it is unrelated to any particular kind of
behavior and hence always available. We call it
success"
contrived
An ______________________ is one in which
responding terminates an ongoing aversive stimulus
escape contingency
An _______________ is one in which responding
delays or prevents the presentation of an aversive
stimulus
avoidance contingency
In _______________________, responding in the
presence of a signal prevents stimulus presentation
discriminated avoidance
