Changing leisure patterns
● The growth and changing purpose of leisure time for societies in different geographic and
developmental contexts
○ leisure preferences differ between
■ Age groups - a lot, then decreases as they start to work, increases again (retire)
■ Gender - used to be less for women because they were stuck at home taking care
of children all day → not decreased due to women participation, men generally
still have longer hours of leisure
■ Nationality - workload is high in countries like Japan, do not have time
■ Income - more income, less leisure time
● Classification of tourism
○ Niche tourism: honeymoons, family, wedding, ski, exclusives, luxury kuoni, exclusives,
spa, lgbt holidays, solo travellers, adults only holidays
○ Mass tourism: all inclusive, safari, wedding, touring holidays, multi centres, beach club
○ Why is mass tourism an important activity for tourism?
■ Encourages more people to take part in tourism
■ Offers easy plans and cheap trips with guaranteed safety
■ Type of destination is the most important option, duration is the least optional
● The link between economic development and participation in leisure activities
○ The trade-off curve shows that with increased income there is a fall in leisure time
■ jobs taking up people’s time forcing them to sacrifice their leisure time.
○ Shifts in further income level allow for more choice due to affordability
■ As your importance in society/firm increases, you are able to take more days of
leave from jobs. CEOs are involved in managing the firm as a whole, he is not
involved in daily operations. Leisure becomes easier and affordable
, ● Detailed examples to illustrate recent changes in participation for two or more societies at
contrasting stages of development
○ growing participation in festivals in the UK
○ Caters to many different people → wider target audience
○ Festival held in welsh town → inspired from a tv show
○ End of the road → small rock and folk festival
○ Insomnia → gaming festival/competition, prize pot of 200,000 pounds
○ Hay literary festival → book lovers
○ Pride festival → lesbian, gay and intersexual
○ Promotion of these festivals due to increased use of social media
○ Increased demand for live music and festivals for the experience
○ As the country develops, more people are willing and able to participate. (Income and
time is given to them)
○ Tourism in Africa
○ Europe’s tourist arrivals has increased exponentially by 600 million people, whereas
continents such as Africa and the Middle East only increased by a small amount.
○ Due to the lack of development of the country, which leads to less tourists being attracted
to the country
○ There is potential in the countries BUT no financial fund or money to make it happen
○ Infrastructure issues → not good enough to attract tourists
● Factors affecting personal participation in sports and tourism, including affluence, gender, stage
in lifecycle, personality, place of residence
○ Gender gap
■ Gender gap (UK) in physical activity starts at an early age - 7, 8 year old (boys
63% and girls 38% meet recommended levels of physical activity)
■ Motives for participation by women: good shape, weight control, appearance
■ Barriers: not being the sporty type, low self-efficacy for being active, lack of
time, cost (social deprivation, the lowest rank in society losing out in sports and
leisure)
■ Fear of being judged by their appearance
■ Safety for girls being exposed to danger such as gun shooting or harassment
when they are out, exercising
■ Sweden, finland, denmark are progressing towards a society with gender
equality - smallest gender gap
○ Location
■ Israel - in war with palestine, people are most focused on survival than leisure
■ Iran - stable hours of leisure due to stable jobs not being affected by weather
● The growth and changing purpose of leisure time for societies in different geographic and
developmental contexts
○ leisure preferences differ between
■ Age groups - a lot, then decreases as they start to work, increases again (retire)
■ Gender - used to be less for women because they were stuck at home taking care
of children all day → not decreased due to women participation, men generally
still have longer hours of leisure
■ Nationality - workload is high in countries like Japan, do not have time
■ Income - more income, less leisure time
● Classification of tourism
○ Niche tourism: honeymoons, family, wedding, ski, exclusives, luxury kuoni, exclusives,
spa, lgbt holidays, solo travellers, adults only holidays
○ Mass tourism: all inclusive, safari, wedding, touring holidays, multi centres, beach club
○ Why is mass tourism an important activity for tourism?
■ Encourages more people to take part in tourism
■ Offers easy plans and cheap trips with guaranteed safety
■ Type of destination is the most important option, duration is the least optional
● The link between economic development and participation in leisure activities
○ The trade-off curve shows that with increased income there is a fall in leisure time
■ jobs taking up people’s time forcing them to sacrifice their leisure time.
○ Shifts in further income level allow for more choice due to affordability
■ As your importance in society/firm increases, you are able to take more days of
leave from jobs. CEOs are involved in managing the firm as a whole, he is not
involved in daily operations. Leisure becomes easier and affordable
, ● Detailed examples to illustrate recent changes in participation for two or more societies at
contrasting stages of development
○ growing participation in festivals in the UK
○ Caters to many different people → wider target audience
○ Festival held in welsh town → inspired from a tv show
○ End of the road → small rock and folk festival
○ Insomnia → gaming festival/competition, prize pot of 200,000 pounds
○ Hay literary festival → book lovers
○ Pride festival → lesbian, gay and intersexual
○ Promotion of these festivals due to increased use of social media
○ Increased demand for live music and festivals for the experience
○ As the country develops, more people are willing and able to participate. (Income and
time is given to them)
○ Tourism in Africa
○ Europe’s tourist arrivals has increased exponentially by 600 million people, whereas
continents such as Africa and the Middle East only increased by a small amount.
○ Due to the lack of development of the country, which leads to less tourists being attracted
to the country
○ There is potential in the countries BUT no financial fund or money to make it happen
○ Infrastructure issues → not good enough to attract tourists
● Factors affecting personal participation in sports and tourism, including affluence, gender, stage
in lifecycle, personality, place of residence
○ Gender gap
■ Gender gap (UK) in physical activity starts at an early age - 7, 8 year old (boys
63% and girls 38% meet recommended levels of physical activity)
■ Motives for participation by women: good shape, weight control, appearance
■ Barriers: not being the sporty type, low self-efficacy for being active, lack of
time, cost (social deprivation, the lowest rank in society losing out in sports and
leisure)
■ Fear of being judged by their appearance
■ Safety for girls being exposed to danger such as gun shooting or harassment
when they are out, exercising
■ Sweden, finland, denmark are progressing towards a society with gender
equality - smallest gender gap
○ Location
■ Israel - in war with palestine, people are most focused on survival than leisure
■ Iran - stable hours of leisure due to stable jobs not being affected by weather
