WGU C-453 Microbiology Practice Questions Rated A

WGU C-453 Microbiology Practice Questions Rated A What is the main function of ribosomes in a bacterial cell? ️️ Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. Name the structure that provides bacteria with structural support and protects them from osmotic pressure. ️️ The cell wall provides structural support and protection from osmotic pressure. Which microorganism is known for being a common vector for disease in humans? ️️ Mosquitoes are a common vector for transmitting diseases like malaria. What is the primary difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria? ️️ Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane. How does a virus replicate within a host? ️️ A virus attaches to a host cell, injects its genetic material, and hijacks the host's cellular machinery to produce new virus particles. What role do neutrophils play in the immune system? ️️ Neutrophils are white blood cells that help protect the body by engulfing and destroying pathogens. What is an endospore, and why is it beneficial for bacteria? ️️ An endospore is a dormant, tough structure that allows bacteria to survive extreme environmental conditions. How do fungi obtain their nutrients? ️️ Fungi are heterotrophic, meaning they absorb nutrients from organic matter. What does the term “antibiotic resistance” mean? ️️ Antibiotic resistance is when bacteria develop the ability to survive exposure to antibiotics that would normally kill them. Define the term “pathogen.” ️️ A pathogen is any microorganism that can cause disease. Which bacteria are known for causing food poisoning in undercooked poultry? ️️ Salmonella and Campylobacter are common causes of food poisoning in undercooked poultry. What is the function of antibodies in the immune system? ️️ Antibodies recognize and bind to specific antigens to neutralize or mark them for destruction. How do vaccines prevent infection? ️️ Vaccines stimulate the immune system to produce memory cells, which provide immunity against future infections by the same pathogen. What is the main structural difference between bacterial and viral pathogens? ️️ Bacteria are cellular organisms with structures like a cell wall and cytoplasm, while viruses are non-cellular and consist of genetic material within a protein coat. Why are biofilms difficult to treat with antibiotics? ️️ Biofilms create a protective matrix around bacteria, making it hard for antibiotics to penetrate and kill the cells. Which of the following microorganisms lack mitochondria? Bacteria Which bacteria have cell walls that are approximately 10-20% peptidoglycan? Gram-negative Which bacteria are difficult to Gram stain? Wall deficient Which of the following types of bacteria are slow growing, due to the high lipid content of their cell walls? Acid fast Which of the following types of bacteria have cell walls that contain sterols? Wall deficient Which of the following types of bacteria have both a cell membrane and an outer membrane? Gram negative Which of the following is an endotoxin, which can cause fever and inflammation, and is associated with Gram-negative bacteria? Lipopolysaccharide Which of the following structures is associated with Gram-negative bacteria and is an active area of cell metabolism? Periplasmic space Which of the following structures is associated with Gram-positive bacteria?