NSG 3100 EXAM 4 WITH QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
what does a patient assessment for TPN include
- CORRECT ANSWER -weight
-complete blood count (CBC)
-electrolytes
-BUN
how often should glucose be checked on a patient with a TPN
- CORRECT ANSWER at least every 6 hours
what must be done to ensure placement of a NG tube
- CORRECT ANSWER x-ray
what must be done to ensure placement of a NG tube prior to feedings
- CORRECT ANSWER aspirate to assess if there is gastric acid
when testing the fluid aspirated through the NG tube to ensure placement the pH test
strip should read what number
- CORRECT ANSWER 4 or less
what is the normal lab value for SPo2
- CORRECT ANSWER 95-100%
solutes that dissolve easily are referred to as what
- CORRECT ANSWER crystalloids
solutes such as proteins that do not dissolve easily are referred to as what
- CORRECT ANSWER colloids
what solution has the same osmolarity of blood plasma
- CORRECT ANSWER isotonic solution
which solution has more electrolyte than fluid
- CORRECT ANSWER hypertonic solution
which solution has less electrolytes than fluid
- CORRECT ANSWER hypotonic solution
how does the renin-angiotensin system regulate blood pressure and fluid balance -
CORRECT ANSWER vasoconstriction and excretion or reabsorption of sodium
,which hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland maintains serum osmolarity by
controlling the amount of water excreted in the urine
- CORRECT ANSWER antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
which hormone is secreted by cells in the atrium of the heart in response to increased
blood pressure
- CORRECT ANSWER atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
what is the primary buffering system in extracellular fluid
- CORRECT ANSWER carbonic acid-bicarbonate system
how do the lungs control acid-base balance
- CORRECT ANSWER control the amount of carbonic acid available by retaining or
exhaling carbon dioxide
how do the kidneys regulate acid-base balance
- CORRECT ANSWER excreting or retaining hydrogen ions and excreting or forming
bicarbonate ions
what are the 2 types of fluid volume deficit
- CORRECT ANSWER isotonic
hypertonic
what occurs with isotonic fluid deficit (hypovolemia)
- CORRECT ANSWER water and sodium are lost at the same rate
what occurs with hypertonic fluid deficit (dehydration)
- CORRECT ANSWER water is lost in excess of sodium
the decrease of what protein can cause simultaneous fluid volume excess and deficit
- CORRECT ANSWER albumin
what happens to the cell when a hypotonic solution surrounds it
- CORRECT ANSWER cell swells
what happens to the cell when a hypertonic solution surrounds it
- CORRECT ANSWER cell shrinks
what happens to cells as a result of hyponatremia
- CORRECT ANSWER water moves into the cell as a result of decreased concentration
in extracellular fluid (cell swells)
what are the 2 types of hyponatremia
- CORRECT ANSWER hypovolemic hyponatremia
hypervolemic hyponatremia
, describe hypovolemic hyponatremia
- CORRECT ANSWER water and sodium loss occur but sodium loss is greater
describe hypervolemic hyponatremia
- CORRECT ANSWER water intake exceeds sodium intake, diluting sodium
concentration
slight imbalances of potassium can affect the functions of which 2 body systems -
CORRECT ANSWER cardiac
neuromuscular
what happens to respiratory rate during metabolic acidosis in an attempt to remove
excess carbon dioxide
- CORRECT ANSWER respiratory rate and depth increases
what kind of solution is administered in a TPN
- CORRECT ANSWER hypertonic IV solution
your patient is suffering from fluid volume deficit what kind of solutions could you
administer
- CORRECT ANSWER hypotonic solution or hypervolemic solution
your patient is suffering from excess fluid volume, what kind of solutions could you
administer
- CORRECT ANSWER hypertonic solution or hypovolemic solution
a patient presents with severe diarrhea, what kind of acid-base imbalance can the nurse
expect in the patient
- CORRECT ANSWER metabolic acidosis
a patient presents with severe vomiting, what kind of acid-base imbalance can the nurse
expect in the patient
- CORRECT ANSWER metabolic alkalosis
what is the normal amount of fluid infusion for a TPN
- CORRECT ANSWER 2.5 to 3 L infused over 24 hrs
prior to NG tube insertion what must be done to rinse the tubing
- CORRECT ANSWER inject 10mL or water using a 30-60mL irrigation syringe
what is malnurtrition
- CORRECT ANSWER an imbalance in the amount of nutrition intake and the body's
needs
CORRECT ANSWERS
what does a patient assessment for TPN include
- CORRECT ANSWER -weight
-complete blood count (CBC)
-electrolytes
-BUN
how often should glucose be checked on a patient with a TPN
- CORRECT ANSWER at least every 6 hours
what must be done to ensure placement of a NG tube
- CORRECT ANSWER x-ray
what must be done to ensure placement of a NG tube prior to feedings
- CORRECT ANSWER aspirate to assess if there is gastric acid
when testing the fluid aspirated through the NG tube to ensure placement the pH test
strip should read what number
- CORRECT ANSWER 4 or less
what is the normal lab value for SPo2
- CORRECT ANSWER 95-100%
solutes that dissolve easily are referred to as what
- CORRECT ANSWER crystalloids
solutes such as proteins that do not dissolve easily are referred to as what
- CORRECT ANSWER colloids
what solution has the same osmolarity of blood plasma
- CORRECT ANSWER isotonic solution
which solution has more electrolyte than fluid
- CORRECT ANSWER hypertonic solution
which solution has less electrolytes than fluid
- CORRECT ANSWER hypotonic solution
how does the renin-angiotensin system regulate blood pressure and fluid balance -
CORRECT ANSWER vasoconstriction and excretion or reabsorption of sodium
,which hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland maintains serum osmolarity by
controlling the amount of water excreted in the urine
- CORRECT ANSWER antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
which hormone is secreted by cells in the atrium of the heart in response to increased
blood pressure
- CORRECT ANSWER atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
what is the primary buffering system in extracellular fluid
- CORRECT ANSWER carbonic acid-bicarbonate system
how do the lungs control acid-base balance
- CORRECT ANSWER control the amount of carbonic acid available by retaining or
exhaling carbon dioxide
how do the kidneys regulate acid-base balance
- CORRECT ANSWER excreting or retaining hydrogen ions and excreting or forming
bicarbonate ions
what are the 2 types of fluid volume deficit
- CORRECT ANSWER isotonic
hypertonic
what occurs with isotonic fluid deficit (hypovolemia)
- CORRECT ANSWER water and sodium are lost at the same rate
what occurs with hypertonic fluid deficit (dehydration)
- CORRECT ANSWER water is lost in excess of sodium
the decrease of what protein can cause simultaneous fluid volume excess and deficit
- CORRECT ANSWER albumin
what happens to the cell when a hypotonic solution surrounds it
- CORRECT ANSWER cell swells
what happens to the cell when a hypertonic solution surrounds it
- CORRECT ANSWER cell shrinks
what happens to cells as a result of hyponatremia
- CORRECT ANSWER water moves into the cell as a result of decreased concentration
in extracellular fluid (cell swells)
what are the 2 types of hyponatremia
- CORRECT ANSWER hypovolemic hyponatremia
hypervolemic hyponatremia
, describe hypovolemic hyponatremia
- CORRECT ANSWER water and sodium loss occur but sodium loss is greater
describe hypervolemic hyponatremia
- CORRECT ANSWER water intake exceeds sodium intake, diluting sodium
concentration
slight imbalances of potassium can affect the functions of which 2 body systems -
CORRECT ANSWER cardiac
neuromuscular
what happens to respiratory rate during metabolic acidosis in an attempt to remove
excess carbon dioxide
- CORRECT ANSWER respiratory rate and depth increases
what kind of solution is administered in a TPN
- CORRECT ANSWER hypertonic IV solution
your patient is suffering from fluid volume deficit what kind of solutions could you
administer
- CORRECT ANSWER hypotonic solution or hypervolemic solution
your patient is suffering from excess fluid volume, what kind of solutions could you
administer
- CORRECT ANSWER hypertonic solution or hypovolemic solution
a patient presents with severe diarrhea, what kind of acid-base imbalance can the nurse
expect in the patient
- CORRECT ANSWER metabolic acidosis
a patient presents with severe vomiting, what kind of acid-base imbalance can the nurse
expect in the patient
- CORRECT ANSWER metabolic alkalosis
what is the normal amount of fluid infusion for a TPN
- CORRECT ANSWER 2.5 to 3 L infused over 24 hrs
prior to NG tube insertion what must be done to rinse the tubing
- CORRECT ANSWER inject 10mL or water using a 30-60mL irrigation syringe
what is malnurtrition
- CORRECT ANSWER an imbalance in the amount of nutrition intake and the body's
needs
