OSCE- DIAGNOSTIC TESTING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE A+ GRADED
How do you prepare a hematocrit tube for a PCV?
get two hematocrit tubes and place them into blood until they fill 2/3-3/4 full, cap the open end,
wipe the excess blood off with kimwipe, insert the tube into the clay and remove your finger
from the top, repeat that 3-4 times, repeat these steps for the second tube, centrifuge the tubes
across from each other
How should the hematocrit tubes be placed in the centrifuge?
directly across from each other and the clay should be on the outside. place the end of the tube all
the way to the rubber stopper
be sure to tighten the metal rim before running the centrifuge for 5 minutes
What layers are apparent after centrifuging your hematocrit tube?
RBC, Buffy coat (WBC and platelets), plasma
What are you measuring with PCV?
RBC as a percentage of total blood volume
How do you read a PCV measurement
the bottom of the RBC should be at zero and the top of the plasma should be at 100
you make your measurement where the RBC meets the buffy coat (don't include the buffy coat)--
> follow this point over
Repeat with your second tube and take the average of the two
What is a normal PCV value for dogs?
35-52%
What is it called if you have a low PCV?
anemia
What are your three main categories that you think about with anemia?
loss of RBC (hemorrhage)
destruction of RBC (IMHA)
decreased RBC production (bone marrow disease, CKD)
What is your main differential if you get an increased PCV?
dehydration
What instrument do you use to obtain total protein?
refractometer
What layer do you put on the refractometer to measure TP?
the plasma
How do you get the plasma out of the hematocrit tube?
break the tube at the buffy coat--> line your thumb nails against the RBC and plasma lines and
crack the tube
How do you get the plasma onto the refractometer?
don't touch the glass to the refractometer stage and don't get the plasma out of the end that you
snapped--> instead flip the tube over and tap your hand against the table to get the plasma out
, How do you obtain your TP measurement?
hold the refractometer up to a light source and read the value where the light and dark areas meet
(g/dL)
Normal= 5.4-8g/dL
How do you clean the refractometer?
steady stream of tap water and dry it with a kimwipe
While TP values are non-specific, what may an increased TP mean?
severe dehydration, lymphosarcoma, myeloma, chronic inflammation, infectious disease
While TP values are non-specific, what may a decreased TP mean?
glomerular disease, liver disease, GI disease, starvation, hemorrhage, malabsorption
How do you perform a blood smear?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
What does an abnormal count of neutrophils indicate?
infection
What does an abnormal count of lymphocyte indicate?
chronic infection, viremia, or immune mediated disease
What does an abnormal count of monocytes indicate?
acute or chronic bacterial or viral infection
What does an abnormal eosinophil count indicate?
parasitic infection or allergy
Which value is more helpful, MCHC or MCH?
MCHC
Low Hgb, Hb, HCT
anemia
Low MCHC
hypochromic (decreased color from regeneration)
Low MCV
microcytic (small cell from iron deficiency)
High Hb, Hgb, HCT
erythrocytosis (usually due to dehydration)
High MCHC
hyperchromic (increased color from hemolysis/lipemia, but real hyperchromic anemia doesn't
exist)
High MCV
macrocytic (big cell from regenerationi)
Normal MCHC
normochromic
Normal MCV
normocytic
What RBC indices indicates regenerative anemia?
increased reticulocytes, nRBCs, and polychromasia
UPDATE A+ GRADED
How do you prepare a hematocrit tube for a PCV?
get two hematocrit tubes and place them into blood until they fill 2/3-3/4 full, cap the open end,
wipe the excess blood off with kimwipe, insert the tube into the clay and remove your finger
from the top, repeat that 3-4 times, repeat these steps for the second tube, centrifuge the tubes
across from each other
How should the hematocrit tubes be placed in the centrifuge?
directly across from each other and the clay should be on the outside. place the end of the tube all
the way to the rubber stopper
be sure to tighten the metal rim before running the centrifuge for 5 minutes
What layers are apparent after centrifuging your hematocrit tube?
RBC, Buffy coat (WBC and platelets), plasma
What are you measuring with PCV?
RBC as a percentage of total blood volume
How do you read a PCV measurement
the bottom of the RBC should be at zero and the top of the plasma should be at 100
you make your measurement where the RBC meets the buffy coat (don't include the buffy coat)--
> follow this point over
Repeat with your second tube and take the average of the two
What is a normal PCV value for dogs?
35-52%
What is it called if you have a low PCV?
anemia
What are your three main categories that you think about with anemia?
loss of RBC (hemorrhage)
destruction of RBC (IMHA)
decreased RBC production (bone marrow disease, CKD)
What is your main differential if you get an increased PCV?
dehydration
What instrument do you use to obtain total protein?
refractometer
What layer do you put on the refractometer to measure TP?
the plasma
How do you get the plasma out of the hematocrit tube?
break the tube at the buffy coat--> line your thumb nails against the RBC and plasma lines and
crack the tube
How do you get the plasma onto the refractometer?
don't touch the glass to the refractometer stage and don't get the plasma out of the end that you
snapped--> instead flip the tube over and tap your hand against the table to get the plasma out
, How do you obtain your TP measurement?
hold the refractometer up to a light source and read the value where the light and dark areas meet
(g/dL)
Normal= 5.4-8g/dL
How do you clean the refractometer?
steady stream of tap water and dry it with a kimwipe
While TP values are non-specific, what may an increased TP mean?
severe dehydration, lymphosarcoma, myeloma, chronic inflammation, infectious disease
While TP values are non-specific, what may a decreased TP mean?
glomerular disease, liver disease, GI disease, starvation, hemorrhage, malabsorption
How do you perform a blood smear?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
What does an abnormal count of neutrophils indicate?
infection
What does an abnormal count of lymphocyte indicate?
chronic infection, viremia, or immune mediated disease
What does an abnormal count of monocytes indicate?
acute or chronic bacterial or viral infection
What does an abnormal eosinophil count indicate?
parasitic infection or allergy
Which value is more helpful, MCHC or MCH?
MCHC
Low Hgb, Hb, HCT
anemia
Low MCHC
hypochromic (decreased color from regeneration)
Low MCV
microcytic (small cell from iron deficiency)
High Hb, Hgb, HCT
erythrocytosis (usually due to dehydration)
High MCHC
hyperchromic (increased color from hemolysis/lipemia, but real hyperchromic anemia doesn't
exist)
High MCV
macrocytic (big cell from regenerationi)
Normal MCHC
normochromic
Normal MCV
normocytic
What RBC indices indicates regenerative anemia?
increased reticulocytes, nRBCs, and polychromasia
