GCSE AQA CELL BIOLOGY QUESTION AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
What organelles do both plants and animals have?
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane
Give three differences between bacterial (prokaryotic) DNA and eukaryotic DNA
Bacteria don't have a nucleus. Bacterial DNA is single stranded. Bacterial DNA may be
in the form of small loops called plasmids
How do you turn millimetres into micrometres?
x1000
Name 5 organelles found in an animal cell
Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosome, Mitochondria
What happens in stage one of the cell cycle?
The cell grows and the number of organelles increases
DNA replicates
Name 2 organelles only found in plant cells
Chloroplasts and a permanent vacuole
How is a sperm cell adapted?
Acrosome - contains enzymes to digest the jelly layer of the egg. Tail - To help it swim
to the egg Many Mitochondria - to release energy for swimming to the egg
How is a nerve cell adapted?
Dendrites - to communicate with other cells. Long axon - To carry impulse over long
distances. Myelin Sheath - to insulate the nerve making impulse movement faster
How is a muscle cell adapted?
Many mitochondria - for energy. Protein filaments which slide over each other to
produce muscle contraction
What is the difference between animal cell differentiation and plant cell
differentiation?
Animal cells differentiate for a limited amount of time, whereas most plant cells can
differentiate throughout the plants life
How have electron microscopes helped increase our understanding of sub-
cellular structures?
They have a higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes so we can see
smaller organelles, like ribosomes - which aren't visible under light microscopes
How can you calculate magnification?
Magnification = eyepiece x objective lens
How is DNA stored in a cell?
As chromosomes in the nucleus
What happens in stage 2 of the cell cycle?
mitosis - one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the dividing cell and the
nucleus divides
What happens in stage 3 of the cell cycle?
The cells splits into two
What is mitosis used for?
Growth, Repair, Replacement and Asexual reproduction
What is a stem cell?
What organelles do both plants and animals have?
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane
Give three differences between bacterial (prokaryotic) DNA and eukaryotic DNA
Bacteria don't have a nucleus. Bacterial DNA is single stranded. Bacterial DNA may be
in the form of small loops called plasmids
How do you turn millimetres into micrometres?
x1000
Name 5 organelles found in an animal cell
Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosome, Mitochondria
What happens in stage one of the cell cycle?
The cell grows and the number of organelles increases
DNA replicates
Name 2 organelles only found in plant cells
Chloroplasts and a permanent vacuole
How is a sperm cell adapted?
Acrosome - contains enzymes to digest the jelly layer of the egg. Tail - To help it swim
to the egg Many Mitochondria - to release energy for swimming to the egg
How is a nerve cell adapted?
Dendrites - to communicate with other cells. Long axon - To carry impulse over long
distances. Myelin Sheath - to insulate the nerve making impulse movement faster
How is a muscle cell adapted?
Many mitochondria - for energy. Protein filaments which slide over each other to
produce muscle contraction
What is the difference between animal cell differentiation and plant cell
differentiation?
Animal cells differentiate for a limited amount of time, whereas most plant cells can
differentiate throughout the plants life
How have electron microscopes helped increase our understanding of sub-
cellular structures?
They have a higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes so we can see
smaller organelles, like ribosomes - which aren't visible under light microscopes
How can you calculate magnification?
Magnification = eyepiece x objective lens
How is DNA stored in a cell?
As chromosomes in the nucleus
What happens in stage 2 of the cell cycle?
mitosis - one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the dividing cell and the
nucleus divides
What happens in stage 3 of the cell cycle?
The cells splits into two
What is mitosis used for?
Growth, Repair, Replacement and Asexual reproduction
What is a stem cell?
