ASSIGNMENT !: PATHOPHYS NURS3366 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
A 55 year old man with emphysema (type of lung disease) who has smoked 2
packs of cigarettes per day for 40 years is hospitalized for acute onset of cough
with bloody sputum. After a few days of testing and treatment, the patient's nurse
reads a physician's note on the chart: "I have told the patient that the etiologies
of his presenting problem are: 1) exacerbation of his chronic emphysema and 2)
the diagnosis of lung cancer. The onset of both was contributed to by his
longstanding smoking." The patient asks the nurse for more information about
his illness. Which explanation, by the nurse, indicates a full understanding of the
patient's situation?
a. "you have a new disease process that was directly caused by all the coughing
you've been doing from cigarette smoking."
b. "you have a sudden onset of chronic lung disease that was brought on by lung
cancer."
c. "the coughing up of blood is caused by a worsening of a
...
An 80 year old patient has experienced a massive blood loss following an
accident. His vital signs are: Blood pressure (BP): 80/50 (norm: 120/80) , Heart
rate (HR): 120 (norm= 60-100), Respiratory rate (RR): 20 (norm: 12-20),
Temperature (T): 98.6 (norm: 98.6). In assessing this patient, the nurse
understands that the abnormal HR is
a. probably the etiology for the patients elevated BP
b. due to the patients heart compensating for low blood volume
c. the normal compensatory response of shunting blood volume to the periphery
d. due to multiple risks
A young, otherwise healthy patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of
heart failure of unknown cause. The etiology of the heart failure would be termed
a. iatrogenic
b. idiopathic
c. nosocomial
d. acute
A busy student, with very few financial resources, has body aches, a fever, cough
and nasal congestions and difficulty breathing through their nose. The direct
pathophysiologic etiology of these symptoms is most likely related to
a. not eating green vegetables
b. lung failure
c. lack of oxygen
d. exposure to a microbe
, Which mini concept map best describes thermoregulation?
a. Body temperature decreases → hypothalamus sends a signal→
vasoconstriction of superficial arteries → blood stays "warm" in the center of the
body (core).
b. Body temperature rises → hypothalamus sends a signal → vasoconstriction of
superficial arteries → blood stays "cool" in the center of the body (core).
c. Body temperature rises → brain stem sends a signal → skin produces sweat →
heat loss through evaporation.
d. Body temperature rises →the brain over heats → no compensatory
mechanisms exist→ a heat stroke occurs.
After not eating since breakfast 6 hours ago, a student taking a test notices a
period of hunger and fatigue. He doesn't have access to food because he is
taking the test. About 10 minutes later, though, he begins to feel ok again and
finishes the test with flying colors. What has happened in his body?
a. A compensatory response called glycogenolysis allowed him to access stored
glucose for energy.
b. A decompensatory response occurred, in which adrenalin increased and
caused more blood flow to the brain.
c. Since his blood sugar was likely low, the heart underwent a compensatory
response known as hypertrophy in order to increase blood flow to central organs.
d. Using a control mechanism known as hyperventilation, the student was able to
"blow off" excess CO2 and thus have a clearer thinking process.
A child is born to a couple, one of whom is heterozygous for an autosomal
dominant disease. The other parent is homozygous normal. What would be the
child's chances of having the disease? (Hint: use a Punnett square to figure this
out).
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
A child is born to a couple, one of whom is heterozygous for an autosomal
recessive disease. The other parent is homozygous normal. What are the chances
that the child will be a carrier of the disease?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
Which of the following is the result of defective protein synthesis caused by a
single-gene malfunction of the nucleus of a cell?
a. fetal alcohol syndrome.
b. Down's syndrome.
ANSWERS
A 55 year old man with emphysema (type of lung disease) who has smoked 2
packs of cigarettes per day for 40 years is hospitalized for acute onset of cough
with bloody sputum. After a few days of testing and treatment, the patient's nurse
reads a physician's note on the chart: "I have told the patient that the etiologies
of his presenting problem are: 1) exacerbation of his chronic emphysema and 2)
the diagnosis of lung cancer. The onset of both was contributed to by his
longstanding smoking." The patient asks the nurse for more information about
his illness. Which explanation, by the nurse, indicates a full understanding of the
patient's situation?
a. "you have a new disease process that was directly caused by all the coughing
you've been doing from cigarette smoking."
b. "you have a sudden onset of chronic lung disease that was brought on by lung
cancer."
c. "the coughing up of blood is caused by a worsening of a
...
An 80 year old patient has experienced a massive blood loss following an
accident. His vital signs are: Blood pressure (BP): 80/50 (norm: 120/80) , Heart
rate (HR): 120 (norm= 60-100), Respiratory rate (RR): 20 (norm: 12-20),
Temperature (T): 98.6 (norm: 98.6). In assessing this patient, the nurse
understands that the abnormal HR is
a. probably the etiology for the patients elevated BP
b. due to the patients heart compensating for low blood volume
c. the normal compensatory response of shunting blood volume to the periphery
d. due to multiple risks
A young, otherwise healthy patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of
heart failure of unknown cause. The etiology of the heart failure would be termed
a. iatrogenic
b. idiopathic
c. nosocomial
d. acute
A busy student, with very few financial resources, has body aches, a fever, cough
and nasal congestions and difficulty breathing through their nose. The direct
pathophysiologic etiology of these symptoms is most likely related to
a. not eating green vegetables
b. lung failure
c. lack of oxygen
d. exposure to a microbe
, Which mini concept map best describes thermoregulation?
a. Body temperature decreases → hypothalamus sends a signal→
vasoconstriction of superficial arteries → blood stays "warm" in the center of the
body (core).
b. Body temperature rises → hypothalamus sends a signal → vasoconstriction of
superficial arteries → blood stays "cool" in the center of the body (core).
c. Body temperature rises → brain stem sends a signal → skin produces sweat →
heat loss through evaporation.
d. Body temperature rises →the brain over heats → no compensatory
mechanisms exist→ a heat stroke occurs.
After not eating since breakfast 6 hours ago, a student taking a test notices a
period of hunger and fatigue. He doesn't have access to food because he is
taking the test. About 10 minutes later, though, he begins to feel ok again and
finishes the test with flying colors. What has happened in his body?
a. A compensatory response called glycogenolysis allowed him to access stored
glucose for energy.
b. A decompensatory response occurred, in which adrenalin increased and
caused more blood flow to the brain.
c. Since his blood sugar was likely low, the heart underwent a compensatory
response known as hypertrophy in order to increase blood flow to central organs.
d. Using a control mechanism known as hyperventilation, the student was able to
"blow off" excess CO2 and thus have a clearer thinking process.
A child is born to a couple, one of whom is heterozygous for an autosomal
dominant disease. The other parent is homozygous normal. What would be the
child's chances of having the disease? (Hint: use a Punnett square to figure this
out).
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
A child is born to a couple, one of whom is heterozygous for an autosomal
recessive disease. The other parent is homozygous normal. What are the chances
that the child will be a carrier of the disease?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
Which of the following is the result of defective protein synthesis caused by a
single-gene malfunction of the nucleus of a cell?
a. fetal alcohol syndrome.
b. Down's syndrome.
